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Year 2 - Medicine > Week 207 - OSA and Chest Wall > Flashcards

Week 207 - OSA and Chest Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Epworth Score?

A

Rates how “sleepy” you are

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2
Q

What is the biggest predictor for sleep apnoea?

A

Collar size

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3
Q

What is the definition of OSA?

A

Stopping breathing during sleep due to obstruction of upper airway?

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4
Q

What are the risk factors for OSA?

A 
Obesity
Tonsils
Hypothyroid
Smoking
Acromegaly
Alcohol/sedatives
Diabetes
Menopause
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5
Q

What is the peak age of presentation?

A

40-60yrs (but can occur at any age)

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6
Q

How is OSA diagnosed?

A 
Sleep study (home or in hospital)
Various monitors (chest expansion, sats, nasal flow, pulse)
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of OSA?

A 
Sleepiness
Poor concentration
Dry throat
Anxiety/Depression
Sweats
Nocturia
Morning Headaches
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8
Q

What is the management for OSA?

A 
Treat underlying disorder
Stop evening alcohol/sedatives
Stop smoking
Lose weight
CPAP (improves HbA1c)
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9
Q

What are the features of type 1 respiratory failure?

A

↓pO2

pCO2 = normal

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10
Q

What are the features of type 2 respiratory failure?

A

↓pO2

↑pCO2

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11
Q

How does Curare act?

A

inhibits nAChR at NMJ

Causes weakness of skeletal muscle -> paralysis of diaphragm

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12
Q

When does HCO3 go up?

A

In Chronic abnormalities

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13
Q

What FEV and FVC changes would you expect in OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease?

A

↓FEV1

↓FEV1/FVC

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14
Q

What FEV and FVC changes would you expect in RESTRICTIVE lung disease?

A

↓FEV1 and ↓FVC

FEV1/FVC = normal

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15
Q

How will FEV1/FVC be affected in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

FEV1/FVC ratio drops with subsequent blows

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16
Q

What is Acid Maltase Deficiency?

A

Autosomal recessive
excessive accumulation of glycogen within lysosome derived vacuoles
May cause pneumonia like disease -> respiratory failure

17
Q

Name some OBSTRUCTIVE diseases

A

Asthma
COPD
Bronchiectasis

18
Q

Name some RESTRICTIVE diseases

A 
Obesity
Sarcoidosis
Asbestosis
Kyphoscoliosis
Myopathy
Myasthenia gravis
Fibrosing alveolititis
ALS
19
Q

When do the DRG neurone fire?

A

With INSPIRATION

20
Q

When do the VRG neurone fire?

A

with EXPIRATION

21
Q

What is the role of J receptors in modifying respiratory rhythm?

A

Rapid, shallow breathing and dyspnoea

22
Q

What is NORMALLY the main driver of ventilation?

A

pCO2

23
Q

What are the normal values of pO2 and pCO2

A

pCO2=40mmHg

pO2=100mmHg

24
Q

Name the Central Chemoreceptor location and what it is sensitive to?

A

Ventral Surface of Medulla

Sensitive to pCO2 + pH (not O2)

25
Q

Name the Peripheral Chemoreceptor location and what it is sensitive to?

A 
Type 1 (glomus) cell in carotid bodies
Respond to pO2 (via IX nerve)
26
Q

What is Shy Dragen Syndrome?

A

Rare Degenerative condition

Autonomic system dysfunction (dilation of pupils, urinary, balance problems, breathing problems)

Year 2 - Medicine (25 decks)

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