Week 3

Question 1

A resting nerve fiber is polarized because the concentration of

Answer 1

Na+ is higher on the outside and K+ is higher on the inside

Question 2

At a synapse, the neuron sending the signal is called the _______ neuron.

Answer 2

presynaptic

Question 3

During depolarization of a neuron

Answer 3

Na+ moves into the cell

Question 4

In myelinated nerves, the

Answer 4

action potential occurs at each node of Ranvier

Question 5

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear

Answer 5

white

Question 6

Nerve cell fibers are bundles of

Answer 6

axons

Question 7

Saltatory conduction

Answer 7

occurs only on myelinated fibers

Question 8

Sensory impulses are carried to the central nervous system by

Answer 8

afferent neurons

Question 9

Synaptic vesicles are found within the

Answer 9

synaptic end-bulbs

Question 10

The autonomic nervous system is part of the

Answer 10

PNS

Question 11

The cells within the nervous system that fill spaces and support neurons are collectively called

Answer 11

neuroglia

Question 12

The dendrites of a neuron

Answer 12

are the main receiving region of a neuron

Question 13

When threshold of a neuron is reached, _____ is produced

Answer 13

an action potential

Question 14

Which ions are rapidly moving into the cell during the depolarization period of an action potential?

Answer 14

sodium

Question 15

Which of the following cells are ciliated and function to move CSF?

Answer 15

ependymal cells

Question 16

Which of the following is associated with the myelin sheath of the central nervous system?

Answer 16

oligodendrocyte

Question 17

Which of the following is characteristic of unmyelinated fibers?

Answer 17

continuous conduction

Question 18

Which of the following is made up in part of neuron cell bodies?

Answer 18

gray matter

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of neuroglial cells?

Answer 19

generate action potentials

Question 20

An action potential approaches a synapse. Synaptic vesicles fuse to the ___________ membrane. This results in the release of ___________ into the _________. By the process of diffusion, these bind to receptors on the ____________ membrane.

Answer 20

Presynaptic, neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic

Question 21

All of the following a part of a neuron except

Answer 21

Neuroglia

Question 22

During transmission of an impulse, the chemical substance that crosses the synapse between two neurons is a

Answer 22

Neurotransmitter

Question 23

The electrical signal (or action potential) can be transmitted from the axon terminal to all of the following except

Answer 23

Other axon terminals

Question 24

Which of the following occurs as the messaging signal (or action potential) passes along the axon?

Answer 24

The membrane depolarises and then repolarises

Question 25

Which part of the neuron receives the messaging signal?

Answer 25

The dendrites

Question 26

Which of the following best explains how neurotransmitters affect an action potential?

Answer 26

Inhibitory neurotransmitters reduce an action potential, whereas excitatory neurotransmitters increase an action potential

Question 27

During the depolarisation stage of an action potential, the following occurs

Answer 27

Na+ channels open and Na+ enters the cell

Question 28

The resting neuron is polarised, meaning there is a net ________ charge outside the neuron and a net ________ charge inside the neuron.

Answer 28

Positive, negative

Question 29

Which of the following statement is true regarding myelin sheaths? a. The entire neuron is surrounded by a myelin sheath b. When an axon is myelinated it provides insulation that reduced the speed of conduction of a nerve impulse c. All axons are surrounded by myelin sheaths d. When an axon is myelinated it provides insulation that increases the speed of conduction of a nerve impulse

Answer 29

D. | When an axon is myelinated it provides insulation that increases the speed of conduction of a nerve impulse

Question 30

Which of the following describes a difference between the external and internal regions of the cerebrum?

Answer 30

The external region of the cerebrum consists of gray matter, whereas the internal region consists of white matter.

Question 31

Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the visual cortex?

Answer 31

The occipital lobe

Question 32

The prefrontal cortex is most known for

Answer 32

Planning and higher order thought

Question 33

The part of the brain responsible for conscious thought, logic and memory is the

Answer 33

Cerebrum

Question 34

Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the auditory cortex?

Answer 34

The temporal lobe

Question 35

The primary motor cortex is located in the

Answer 35

Frontal lobe

Question 36

Which of the following distinguishes the right and left cerebral hemispheres from each other?

Answer 36

The right hemisphere is responsible for visual, emotional, and artistic awareness, whereas the left hemisphere is responsible for language and calculation.

Question 37

Wernicke's area is responsible for the interpretation of speech. Where is it located?

Answer 37

Between the temporal and parietal lobes

Question 38

The occipital lobe is known for

Answer 38

Processing visual information

Question 39

The area of the brain that receives nerve impulses generated by touch, pressure, temperature and pain is

Answer 39

The primary somatosensory cortex

Question 40

Which part of the brain manages balance and posture?

Answer 40

Cerebellum

Question 41

When a patient has damage to one hemisphere of the brain but shows symptoms in the opposite side of the body, this is known as what?

Answer 41

Hemispheric lateralisation

Question 42

The cerebellum is located _____ to the brain stem and _____ to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.

Answer 42

Posterior, inferior

Question 43

The primary auditory cortex is located in which lobe?

Answer 43

Temporal

Question 44

Which of the following is not a function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 44

Visual information interpretation

Question 45

The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibres that connects the

Answer 45

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 46

The limbic system contributes to _____ processing

Answer 46

Olfactory

Question 47

The primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association areas are located in

Answer 47

The parietal lobes

Question 48

Which of the following is true of the medulla oblongata? a. It controls involuntary functions of the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems. b. It is part of the midbrain. c. It acts as a barrier between the brain and the spinal cord. d. It is divided into four symmetrical parts.

Answer 48

a. | It controls involuntary functions of the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems.

Question 49

The area of the brain responsible for speech production (Brocca's area) is located in the dominant hemisphere of which lobe?

Answer 49

Frontal lobe

Question 50

If a patient is having difficulty seeing, you might expect problems with the

Answer 50

occipital cortex

Question 51

If Broca's area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of

Answer 51

speech

Question 52

Shallow grooves on the surface of the brain are called

Answer 52

sulci

Question 53

The corpus callosum is a bridge of __ tracts connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 53

commissural

Question 54

The folds on the surface of the cerebral cortex of the brain are called

Answer 54

gyri

Question 55

The hypothalamus is located in the

Answer 55

diencephalon

Question 56

The most common brain disorder is

Answer 56

a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Question 57

The most superior part of the brain is the

Answer 57

cerebrum

Question 58

The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements and detect discrepancies when movements are not being carried out correctly is the

Answer 58

cerebellum

Question 59

The primary auditory area is located in the

Answer 59

temporal lobe

Question 60

The primary motor area of the brain is in the

Answer 60

frontal cortex

Question 61

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the __ lobe

Answer 61

parietal

Question 62

The principal relay station for sensory impulses as they pass to the cerebral cortex is the

Answer 62

thalamus

Question 63

The region in the brain stem responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep is the

Answer 63

reticular activating system

Question 64

Visual stimuli are interpreted in which lobe of the brain?

Answer 64

occipital

Question 65

The components of the brain...

Answer 65

80% brain tissue, 10% CSF, and 10% blood

Question 66

What are the 3 functions of CSF?

Answer 66

Mechanical protection circulation homeostatic function

Question 67

What does the brain constantly require?

Answer 67

Oxygen, and glucose

Question 68

What is the BBB?

Answer 68

highly selective barrier for protection against pathogens.

Question 69

What can cross the BBB?

Answer 69

substances that cross the BBB and freely access the brain are: water solube, and lipid solube.

Question 70

What are the 3 main functions of cerebellum

Answer 70

smooth and coordinates contractions of skeletal muscles. regulates posture and balance. coordination of skilled movement.

Question 71

What is the cerebrum

Answer 71

The uppermost region of the CNS and largest part of the brain. it contains the cerebral cortex for body control.

Question 72

How many hemispheres are there in the brain?

Answer 72

Two

Question 73

What are the functions of the cerebrum?

Answer 73

conscious thought, memory, logic, interpretation of sensory information : vision, taste, hearing , touch, pain and initiation of voluntary movement.

Question 74

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 74

Motor area. It includes: premotor area, primary motor area and broca's speech area it controls personality, intelligence, complex learning abilities, initiative, judgement, reasoning, conscience, intuition, mood, and planning

Question 75

What is the Parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 75

Somatosensory area. it includes: primary somatosensory area, somatosensory association area and the wernickes area.

Question 76

What is the temperal lobe responsible for?

Answer 76

Auditory area. It includes: Primary auditory area and auditory association area.

Question 77

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 77

visual area. it includes: primary visual area and visual association area.