week 3

Question 1

osmosis

Answer 1

movement of a solvent (usually water) through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 2

solution

Answer 2

a liquid (solvent) and its dissolved solutes

Question 3

solute

Answer 3

a substance that is dissolved in a liquid (solvent)

Question 4

solvent

Answer 4

a liquid that has dissolved or can dissolve one or more solutes

Question 5

diffusion

Answer 5

random movement of molecules of a substance from an area of high concentration of the substajnce to an area of low concentration of a substance. Process by which gases are exchanged

Question 6

selectively permeable

Answer 6

allows pasage of molecules and inhibits others

Question 7

isotonic

Answer 7

solute concentrations are the same inside and outside of the cell; therefore there is an equal movement of water into and out of the cell

Question 8

hypertonic

Answer 8

hyper= above. higher solute concentration than their environment

Question 9

hypotonic

Answer 9

hypo= below. the concentration of solutes is higher within the cell,

Question 10

concentration

Question 11

turgor pressure

Question 12

plasmolysis

Answer 12

Plasma membrane pulls away from cell wall

Question 13

binary fission

Answer 13

the way prokaryotes divide

Question 14

chromosomes

Question 15

DNA

Question 16

chromatin

Answer 16

combination of DNA and associated proteins

Question 17

genes

Question 18

replicated chromosomes

Question 19

sister chromatids

Answer 19

two identical halves of a replicated chromosomes

Question 20

centromere

Question 21

mitosis

Answer 21

division of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter nuclei

Question 22

cytokinesis

Answer 22

division of the cytoplasm between two resulting daughter cells

Question 23

cell cycle

Question 24

interphase

Answer 24

longest phase of cell cycle, where cell gros and synthesizes new organelles and proteins

Question 25

G1,G2,S

Answer 25

S stage each chromosome produces an exact copy of itself forming a replicated chromosome

Question 26

prophase

Answer 26

- replicating chromosomes condense and become visible under the microscope - spindle microtubules begin to form abd migrate to opposite ends of the cell

Question 27

pro metaphase

Answer 27

- nuclear envelope breaks down | - spindle microtubules grow and attach to the centromere regions of the replicated chromosomes

Question 28

metaphase

Answer 28

- spindle apparatus is completely formed | - replicated chromosomes are lined along the midregion of the cell also called the metaphase plate

Question 29

anaphase

Answer 29

- centromeres of each replicated chromosome separate | - single chromosomes are pulled by their centromeres to opposite poles

Question 30

telophase

Answer 30

- single chromosomes arrive at poles and begin to uncoil - nuclear envelope begins to form around each group of chromosomes - cytokinesis begins

Question 31

cleavage furrow

Answer 31

forms during cytokinesis and it is a furrow forming between two nuclei and pinches the cell into two daughter cells

Question 32

cell plate

Answer 32

cytokinesis begins and cell plate fromed between two nuclei and grows outward until it forms a complete cell wall that seperates the tw daughter cells

Question 33

spindle microtubules

Question 34

blastodisc

Answer 34

multicellular embryonic stage

Question 35

unicellular

Answer 35

divides by mitosis but instead of separating the daughter cells stay together (one cell for all functioning)

Question 36

colony

Answer 36

composed of individual cells or organisms that adhere to each other and may communicate with each other

Question 37

multicellular

Answer 37

are single organisms that have specialized cells that perform different functions

Question 38

gelatinous matrix

Answer 38

holds individual cells together as a colony

Question 39

pyrenoid

Answer 39

is contained within the chloroplast and is responsible for the synthesis of starch from the sugars produced by photosynthesis

Question 40

eyespot

Answer 40

orients alga towards light

Question 41

cytoplasmic bridge

Answer 41

the way adjacent cells communicate with each other

Question 42

daughter organism