Week 3

Question 1

Why do extreme winds happen?

Answer 1

Temperature difference of the air above glaciers and surrounding air that leads to difference in densities

Question 2

Specific heat

Answer 2

Energy required to raise the temp by 1 deg Celsius

Question 3

Freezing point of water at sea level: Celsius

Answer 3

0

Question 4

Freezing point of water at sea level: Farenheit

Answer 4

32

Question 5

Freezing point of water at sea level: kelvin

Answer 5

273.15

Question 6

Boiling point of water at sea level: Celsius

Answer 6

100

Question 7

Boiling point of water at sea level: Fahrenheit

Answer 7

212

Question 8

Boiling point of water at sea level: kelvin

Answer 8

373.15

Question 9

Average sea level atmospheric pressure: kPa

Answer 9

101.325

Question 10

Average sea level atmospheric pressure: mb

Answer 10

1013.25

Question 11

Average sea level atmospheric pressure: hPa

Answer 11

1013.25

Question 12

Atmospheric pressure above sea level

Answer 12

Decreasing pressure (effect of gravitational pull is less, less mass)

Question 13

1 atmosphere

Answer 13

14.7 PSI

Question 14

What happens to atmospheric pressure as you increase/decrease in height?

Answer 14

The higher in height the lower the density and pressure

Question 15

Convection

Answer 15

Air moving vertically

Question 16

Advection

Answer 16

Air moving horizontally

Question 17

2 main forces acting on atmospheric particles

Answer 17

Gravity and pressure gradient force

Question 18

Direction of air movement

Answer 18

High pressure to low pressure

Parallel to wind

Question 19

Isobars

Answer 19

Join areas of equal pressure

Question 20

Why do pressure differences exist at earths surface?

Answer 20

Surface heating

Adiabatic changes

Question 21

Surface heating- high albedo

Answer 21

100%, means high reflectivity surface

Question 22

Net amount of radiation absorbed and retained at Earth’s surface

Answer 22

0.8 watts/m^2

Question 23

Four differences in energy absorption between water and land

Answer 23

1. Specific heat
2. Transmission
3. Mobility
4. Evaporative cooling

Question 24

Surface heating- specific heat

Answer 24

The specific heat of water is 4-5x that of land

Question 25

Transmission

Answer 25

Solar radiation pénétrâtes water more easily than land

Question 26

Mobility

Answer 26

Water mixes and distributes energy more evenly than land

Question 27

Evaporative cooling

Answer 27

The process of evaporation absorbs energy, cooling the surrounding environment

Question 28

Adiabatic

Answer 28

Without the addition or subtraction of heat within a system

Question 29

What happens when air mass expands

Answer 29

Density of air particles decrease Air pressure decrease Temperature decrease Opposite of air mass is compressed

Question 30

Convection cell

Answer 30

Column of air expands over hot surface Air flow replacing rising air Where global winds are developed

Question 31

Hadley cell

Answer 31

Stable convection cell centred over the tropics/ midlatitudes/ poles Rising air over ITCZ Defending air over 30 deg latitude Shifts North and south seasonally based on the thermal equator

Question 32

Global pressure regions

Answer 32

Global circulation cells cause consistent zones of high and low pressure

Question 33

Coriolis effect

Answer 33

The apparent deflection of loving objects (wind, oceans) from travelling in a straight path, in proportion to the speed of earth’s rotation at different latitudes

Question 34

Impacts of Coriolis on Hadley cell

Answer 34

Winds in the northern hemisphere are pushed right Concentrated in tropical latitudes Trade winds antitrade winds

Question 35

Trade winds

Answer 35

Consistent surface winds blowing from east to west (easterlies)

Question 36

Antitrade winds

Answer 36

Consistent upper wings blowing west to east westerlies

Question 37

The polar cell

Answer 37

Cold air descending over the poles

Question 38

Polar easterlies

Answer 38

Consistent surface winds blowing east to west (easterlies)

Question 39

The midlatitudes

Answer 39

Season variations in temp prevent significant convection cells from stabilizing Airflow fed by Hadley and polar cell

Question 40

Labelling winds

Answer 40

From direction they are coming from

Question 41

Jet stream

Answer 41

Concentrated band of high speed upper atmospheric wind | 300km/hr

Question 42

Why do jet streaks form at edge of circulation cells?

Answer 42

A cross section of the atmosphere: - 2 air masses of different temp - pressure variations at altitude - pressure gradient forces airflow

Question 43

Rossby waves

Answer 43

The méridional (North/south) movement of a jet stream