Week 3 Flashcards Preview

MAT9004 Mathematical foundations for data science and AI - S1 2022 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Week 3 Deck (12)
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1
Q

How to determine local extrama?

A
  • Determine f’(x)
  • f’(x) = 0 = stationary point (slope has no gradient / flat)
  • Determine f’‘(x)
  • If f’‘(x) > 0, local minima, if f’‘(x) < 0, local maxima
  • If f’‘(x) = 0, inconclusive
  • If inconclusive have to do sign change test
2
Q

What is the sign change test?

A
  • Plug in values above and below stationary point
  • Let a < b
    if f’(a)
3
Q

Difference between local and global extrema?

A

local - compare values near point a f(a)

global - compare ALL values to point a f(a)

4
Q

Do global extrema ALWAYS exist?

A

No, domain is something such as R then no global extrema as there can always be a lower or higher extrema.

5
Q

Can there be a global extrema AND a local extrema? Do they need to be the same?

A

Yes there are some situtations where there can be both.
i.e. In continous functions with closed intervals

No they do not always need to be the same.

6
Q

What is a continous function?

A

find out

7
Q

What does f’(x) tell us?

A

This tells us the slope of the tangent at a specific point a, f(a).

Tells us the rate of change of the function f(x).

8
Q

What does f’‘(x) tell us?

A

This tells us the

8
Q

What does f’‘(x) tell us?

A

This tells us the rate of change of f’(x).

If f’‘(x) > 0 then local minima, if f’‘(x) then local maxima, if f’‘(x) = 0 then inconclusive.

9
Q

Where can possible extrema be found?

let f: [a, b] –> R

A
  • boundary points (a or b, f’(x) NOT present)
  • stationary points (required, candidates)
  • singular points (f’(x) not present)
10
Q

How to determine if f(x) is convex/concave?

A

If f’‘(x) >= 0 then convex

If f’‘(x) <= 0 then concave

11
Q

What does convexity/concavity tell us about extrema?

A

If convex function, local minima is global minima

If concave, local maxima is global maxima