Week 3 Flashcards
1
Q
The most sensitive cells to ionizing radiation are:
A
Reproductive cells
2
Q
Milliamperage controls
A
Heating of the cathode
3
Q
Proper Collimation for the film size and target-film distance will:
A
Decrease the radiation received by the patient
4
Q
To increase the penetrating quality on an x-ray beam, the auxiliary must:
A
Increase kVp
5
Q
The x-ray at the center of the primary beam is called the:
A
Central ray
6
Q
A test for quality control relative to manual processing may be accomplished utilizing a:
A
Stepwedge
7
Q
Filtration of the x-ray beam protects the patient by:
A
Eliminating the weak wavelength x-ray from the x-ray beam
8
Q
Information and instructions for proper disposal of the x-ray processing solutions may be found in the:
A
Product material safety data sheet
9
Q
X-ray processing tanks are considered secondary containers and according to OSHA standards must be:
A
Labeled
10
Q
The time period between the effects of cumulative radiation and visible tissue is the:
A
Latent period
11
Q
The amount of radiation a person receives:
A
Is cumulative in the entire body
12
Q
Maximum protection of the patient requires that the x-ray beam pass through a:
A
Shielded open-ended cone
13
Q
A technique used to measure the operator’s exposure to radiation is
A
For the operator to wear a radiation film badge
14
Q
Accumulated radiation dosage for those who work with radiation may not exceed
A
0-1 rem/week
15
Q
To avoid exposure to secondary radiation, the operator should stand
A
At least 6’ feet from the x-ray head
16
Q
The most effective way to reduce gonadal exposure from x-rays is to:
A
Use a lead apron
17
Q
After each use, the lead apron must be:
A
Draped over a support rod unfolded
18
Q
The best technique for reducing the radiation exposure to both patient and operator is the use of
A
Fast film
19
Q
Film speed is determined by the:
A
Size of the silver bromide crystals
20
Q
The radiographic film is covered on the radiograph with an emulsion of:
A
Silver bromide crystals
21
Q
The periapical image reveals:
A
The entire tooth, including the apex
22
Q
A material or substance that does NOT stop or absorb x-rays is know as:
A
Radiolucent
23
Q
A material or substance that DOES stop or absorb x-rays is know as:
A
Radiopaque
24
Q
All of the tissues listed are radiopaque except: A. Enamel B. Cortical plate C. Pulp chamber D. Alveolar bone
A
C. Pulp chamber
25
```
Which one of these appears radiolucent?
A. Caries
B. Calculus
C. Torus
D. Root tips
```
A. Caries
26
All of the following are basic principles of the paralleling technique except:
A. The receptor must be parallel to the long axis of the tooth
B. An 8” short cone must be used
C. The source of the x-ray must be directed perpendicularly to the tooth and film
D. A 16” extension or long cone must be used:
B. An 8” short cone must be used
27
When taking a full mouth series of intraoral radiographs, position the patient so the occlusal plane of the jaw is:
Parallel to the floor
28
The ALARA-Targum line is parallel to the floor when taking:
Maxillary periapical films
29
Firm placement of the films will help prevent:
Gagging
30
A latent image is:
Composed of energized silver halide crystals
31
Cone cutting results from the central ray:
Not being aimed at the center of the receptor
32
Black lines across the film may be a result of:
Excessive bending
33
Blured films can result from:
Movement of the patient
34
The usual number of films in a complete dentulous series:
18-20
35
In the paralleling technique, a devices used to the hold the film in the patient’s mouth is:
A film holder
36
If the mA is increased while the kVp and the exposure time are kept constant, the resulting image will be:
Darker
37
If a film is exposed on the wrong side, the result will be:
A herringbone pattern
38
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Which of the following is used to describe the blackness of an exposed radiograph?
A. Density
B. Detail
C. Darkness
D. Development
```
A. Density
39
The difference in density of various regions of the radiograph is called:
Contrast
40
```
For maximum penetration of x-rays, which of the following combinations would you select?
A. 90 kVp and 10 mA
B. 65 kVp and 10 mA
C. 70 kVp and 90 mA
D. 10 kVp and 65 mA
```
A. 90 kVp and 10 mA
41
Films left overnight in the fixer:
Will not be affected
42
During processing, when can radiographs be exposed to light?
After being placed in the fixer
43
Two films are developed for the same length of time but at different temperatures. The film developed at the higher temperature will be:
Darker
44
If an unexposed film is processed it will appear:
Clear
45
Film is washed after moving it from the developing solution to:
Stop the developing process
46
Fixing the film:
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals from the emulsion
47
Reticulation is:
Cracking of the emulsion
48
An underexposed film will appear:
Light
49
On a radiograph, what is the dense radiopaque band that outlines the mandible?
Inferior border
50
When exposing a posterior periapical image on an adult patient with no intraoral restrictions, which sized receptor should be used?
2
51
Which of the following prevents x-rays from escaping the tube head?
Leaded-glass housing
52
When using a 16” PID compared to an 8” PID, the exposure time must:
Be increased
53
Added filtration in the x-ray tubehead protects the:
Patient
54
Which of the following landmarks is most useful when mounting films of the mandibular posterior area?
Mental foramen
55
To view and abscess on tooth #25, the best radiographic exposure is a/an:
Periapical
56
Which of the following radiolucent landmarks is useful when mounting films in the mandibular anterior area:
Lingual foramen
57
Which of the following may cause film fogging?
Using expired film
58
ALARA is primarily concerned with the radiation that is:
Artificial
59
Which type of gloves are required for the decontamination of the darkroom?
Nitrile utility
60
Which of the following measures the amount of radiation that reaches the surface of the skin?
Roentgen
61
```
Which of the following radiation injury theories describes cells that are damaged by way of absorption?
A. Direct
B. Indirect
C. Latent
D. Dose-responsive
```
B. Indirect
62
Personal radiation monitoring devices are worn to:
Record the occupational exposure received by the operator
63
Dental x-rays should be prescribed when the:
Benefits outweigh the risk of harm
64
```
Which of the following equations is used to determine the occupational maximum accumulated dose (MAD) of radiation?
A. Age minus 5 rems/year plus 18
B. Age minus 18 times 5 rems/year
C. Age plus 18 times 5 rems/year
D. Age plus 5 rems/year minus 18
```
B. Age minus 18 times 5 rems/year
65
The purpose of the aluminum disk in the x-ray tubehead is to:
Filter out long wavelengths from the primary beam
66
Which organization regulates disinfectants and chemical sterilants.
EPA
67
Storing unexposed radiographic film in high humidity conditions may cause:
Film fog
68
```
When changing the 8” PID to a 16” PID, which of the following is used to determine the intensity of the beam?
A. Rule of isometric
B. Inverse square law
C. SLOB rule
D. Exposure chart
```
B. Inverse square law
69
Personal monitoring for radiation exposure is done by:
Wearing a doseimeter
70
On a radiograph, when the contact area of one tooth is superimposed over the contact of another, it is called:
Overlapping
71
Which part of the x-ray machine should be covered or disinfected after each patient?
Tubehead
72
The shorter the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, the greater the:
Energy
73
The best way to prevent car oss-contamination from an exposed film packet is by:
Using individual barrier envelpoes
74
```
Which of the following best describes what happens when two films contact each other during processing?
A. Overlapped films
B. Reticulation
C. Fogged films
D. Static electricity
```
A. Overlapped films
75
Bitetabs placed in film for using during bitewing radiographs should be positioned on the:
White, unprinted side of the packet
76
```
All of the following can be used for handling film in the daylight loader except:
A. Plastic over gloves
B. Powder-free exam gloves
C. Utility gloves
D. Latex exam gloves
```
C. Utility gloves
77
The normalizing device can be used to monitor:
Developer strength
78
During the processing of a film, the removal of the halide portion of the exposed silver halide. Rust also is called:
Reduction
79
After a patient has been dismissed, dental unit surfaces and countertops that may have been contaminated should be cleaned with EPA registered:
Intermediate-level disinfectant
80
Using the ALARA concept as a guideline for radiographs includes oral of the following except:
A. Draping the patient with a thyroid collar
B. Draping the patient with a lead apron
C. Using a circular PID
D. Using a rectangular PID
c. Using a circular PID
81
Which of the following conditions will result in a radiographic image that is too light?
A.processing solutions too warm
B. Darkroom door opened during development
C. Contaminated fixer solution
D. Weak developing solution
D. Weak developing solution
82
Somatic effects of radiation do not have damaging effects on:
Offspring
83
When transporting a disposable cup containing patients exposed film to the development area, the dental assistant should:
Carry the container with an ungloved hand
84
Once the film has been removed from the protective packet, the dental assistant should:
Recycle lead foil in separate container
85
```
Which of the following influences the sharpness of an image?
A. Object-film alignment
B. X-ray beam angulation
C. Focal spot
D. kVp and mA
```
C. Focal spot
86
Developing solution temperatures should be checked frequently when using:
Manual processing
87
Blurred radiographic images are often caused by:
Patient movement during exposure
88
```
Which of the following film sizes would be used for an adult periapical film?
A. 3
B. 0
C. 2
D. 4
```
C. 2
89
When removing a protective barrier after the exposure of the radiographs, if the dental assistant touches the surface beneath the barrier the dental assistant must:
Disinfect the surface with an intermediate-level disinfectant
90
If a dental assistant dosimeter badge report indicates exposure to radiation, what should be done first?
Evaluate the x-ray equipment and techniques
91
Which of the following results in a double image radiograph?
A. Exposing a duplicate film
B. Processing two exposed films together
C. Processing two unexposed films together
D. Exposing the same film twice
D. Exposing the same film twice
92
According to the inverse square law, when changing the PID length from 8” to 16”, the beams intensity is:
1/4 as intense
93
Maximum wattage for a safelight bulb should be:
15
94
```
Which of the following tissues is most highly radiosensitive?
A. Mature bone
B. Nerve
C. Skin
D. Salivary glands
```
C. Skin
95
```
Which of the following affects the quantity of x-rays being emitted from the tubehead?
A. kVp
B. Impulse
C. mA
D. Filtration
```
C. mA
96
Paralleling technique requires the film to be placed:
Away from the tooth toward the middle of the oral cavity
97
```
Which of the following is a disposable intraoral x-ray film holder device?
A. Rinn XCP
B. Eezee grip
C. Endogamy
D. Stable
```
D. Stable
98
The optimum developing solution temperature for manual processing is:
68 degrees Fahrenheit
99
The optimal temperature of the developer in automatic processing is:
80-95 degrees Fahrenheit
100
Which of the following sequences best describes radiation injury to tissue?
A. Latent period, period of recovery, period of injury
B. Period of recovery, period of injury, latent period
C. Period of injury, latent period, period of recovery
D. Latent period, period of injury, period of recovery
D. Latent period, period of injury, period of recovery
101
While exposing x-ray films, radiation deflecting off the patient’s head is called:
Scatter radiation
