week 3 Flashcards by Chloe Cloutier

Pre Embryonic Stage

conceiving to 2nd week

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Embryonic Stage

2nd week to 8th week

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Fetal stage

8th week until birth

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Week 3 Gestation

dvlp brain and spinal cord
heart and GI tract begin developing
leg and arm buds are present

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Week 4 Gestation

Brain differentiates
limbs develop
stomach liver and pancreas begin

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Week 5 gestation

HB has reg rhythm
eyes, ears and cranial nerves begin appearing
muscles become innervated

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Week 6 gestation

formation of lungs
circulation; liver produces RBC
primative skeleton formed
brain waves detectable

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Week 7 gestation

straightening of trunk
nipples, hair follicles form
elbows and toes visible; limbs begin moving
diaphragm formed
fetal HB
mouth with lips present

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week 8 gestation

rotation of intestines
facial features
resembles a human

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week 9-12 gestation

sexual differences
buds for teeth present
digestive syst with activity
face and neck formed
urine produced and excreted
sex is determined by wk 12
digits well formed

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week 13-16 gestation

fetal skin is transparent
bones harden
sucking motion
amniotic fluid swallowed
nails present

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week 17-20 gestation

heart tones heard with stethoscope
eyebrows and head hair
brown fat deposited
muscles well developed

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week 21-24 gestation

palmar grasp and startle reflex
alveoli form
body lean and well proportioned
skin is red and translucent
lungs produce surfactant

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week 25-28 gestation

15 inches in length
rapid brain development
eyelids open and close
NS controls some functions
fingerprints present
assumes head down position

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Week 29-30 gestation

^in body fat
^ in CNS control
lungs not fully mature
fetus stores iron, ca and P

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week 33-38 gestation

testes in scrotum
small breast buds present
receives antibodies from mom
considered full term at 38 weeks

whats the antibody used for pregnancy tests

HcG

Nägele’s rule used to estimate date of delivery:

Subtract 3 months and add 7 days to first day of last menstrual period; then add 1 year if appropriate.

Gravidity

Refers to number of pregnancies; gravida refers to a pregnant woman

Parity

Refers to number of births past 20th week of gestation, whether fetus is born alive or not

Use of GTPAL

Gravidity
Term births (longer than 37 weeks’ gestation)
Preterm births (before 37 weeks’ gestation)
Abortions or miscarriages (if before 20th week of gestation; if not, then counts as parity)
Living: Current living children

Janelle is a 38-year-old who is currently pregnant with twins. She has a 14-year-old son who was born at 32 weeks, a 16-year-old daughter who was born on her due date and a 20-year-old daughter who was born at 41 weeks. She had one elective pregnancy termination and a miscarriage at 11 weeks.
What is her GTPAL?

G4T2P1A2L3

Presumptive Pregnancy Signs

quickening (fetal movement)

Probable signs

Hegar’s sign: a non-specific indication of pregnancy that is characterized by the compressibility and softening of the cervical isthmus

Goodell’s sign: (a softening of the cervix at around six to eight weeks of gestation

Chadwick’s sign: is a non-specific, early sign of pregnancy that is typically characterized by a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. The Chadwick sign can typically be observed as early as six wks
Ballottement:a technique of feeling for a movable object in the body, esp confirmation of pregnancy by feeling the rebound of the fetus following a quick digital tap on the wall of the uterus.

positive signs

fetal HR Active movement palpable by examiner Ultrasound

Fundal Height Measurements

At 16 weeks, fundus halfway between symphysis pubis and umbilicus At 20-22 weeks, fundus at location of umbilicus At 36 weeks, fundus at xiphoid process

Antepartum Diagnostic Testing

If result Rh negative and negative antibody screen Will need to repeat antibody screen Should be given Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) at 28 weeks of gestation

Prenatal Visits

Every 4 weeks up to 28 weeks Every 2 weeks from 29 to 36 weeks Every week from 37 weeks to birth

Assessments

Weight and BP compared with baseline values Urine testing for protein, glucose, ketones, and nitrites Fundal height Quickening/fetal movement Fetal heart rate Teaching: danger signs

Rubins 4 maternal Tasks of pregnancy

1.Seeking safe passage for herself and her fetus 2.Securing acceptance of herself as a mother and for her fetus 3. Learning to give of self and to receive the care and concern of others 4.Committing herself to the child as she progresses through pregnancy

folic acid importance

Folic acid intake is important in the periconceptual period. Neural tube defects are more common in infants of women with poor folic acid intake.

3 major causes of maternal death

Hypertensive disorders Infection Hemorrhage

third trimester assessment

Indications Fetal movement counting Fetal responses to hypoxia and asphyxia Variability Electronic fetal monitoring Nonstress test (NST)

Antepartal Assessment Using Electronic Fetal Monitoring

contraction stress test nipple stim contraction test oxytocin stim contraction test ultrasound

antepartal assessment for risks

Tests may show suspected fetal compromise, deterioration of maternal condition, or both. Third-trimester women are concerned about protecting themselves and their fetuses and consider themselves vulnerable