Week 3

Question 1

Place and manner

Answer 1

Place: where in the vocal tract is the consonant produced?

Manner: how is the outgoing airstream modified?

Question 2

Supralaryngeal vocal tract

Answer 2

Nasal cavity (nose)

Oral cavity

Pharyngeal cavity

Question 3

Which sounds are produced when the velum is down? And which sounds are produced when the velum is up?

Answer 3

Nasal sounds

Oral sounds (t f l ae)

Question 4

How can the oral cavity be shaped?

Answer 4

1. For consonants, by making contact and obstructing the outgoing air
2. For vowels, by shaping the tongue body in different ways

Question 5

Active articulator

Answer 5

The tongue is the main active articulator, the part which moves towards the passive articulator.

Question 6

Passive articulator

Answer 6

The places where the active articulator moves toward. Examples are lips, alveolar ridge, hard palate, teeth, velum, uvula.

Question 7

What are the active and passive articulators for p, b and m?

Answer 7

Active: lower lip
Passive: upper lip

Question 8

What are the active and passive articulators for f and v?

Answer 8

Active: lower lip
Passive: upper teeth

Question 9

What are the active and passive articulators for t d s z n l?

Answer 9

Active: tip/blade of tongue
Passive: alveolar ridge

Question 10

What are the active and passive articulators for S r 3 tS and d3?

Answer 10

Active: blade of tongue
Passive: post alveolar

Question 11

What are the active and passive articulators for j?

Answer 11

Active: front of tongue
Passive: hard palate

Question 12

What are the active and passive articulators for k g and ng?

Answer 12

Active: back of tongue
Passive: velum

Question 13

What are the active and passive articulators for w?

Answer 13

Active: back of tongue + lips
Passive: velum

Question 14

What are the active and passive articulators for h?

Answer 14

Active: glottis
Passive: -

Question 15

How to identify manner of articulation in three different ways:

Answer 15

1. Complete closure (blocking air completely)
2. Narrow approximation (blocking air almost completely)
3. Wide approximation (not making an obstruction)

Question 16

Manner of articulation of stops

Answer 16

Stopte involve complete closure

Question 17

Manner of articulation of fricatives

Answer 17

Fricatives involve narrow approximation.

Question 18

What is another term for a stop?

Answer 18

Plosive.

Question 19

VPM of /p/

Answer 19

Voiceless labial stop

Question 20

VPM of /b/

Answer 20

Voiced labial stop

Question 21

VPM of /t/

Answer 21

Voiceless alveolar stop

Question 22

VPM of /d/

Answer 22

Voiced alveolar stop

Question 23

VPM of /k/

Answer 23

Voiceless velar stop

Question 24

VPM of /g/

Answer 24

Voiced velar stop

Question 25

VPM of /f/

Answer 25

Voiceless labiodental fricative

Question 26

VPM of /v/

Answer 26

Voiced labiodental fricative

Question 27

VPM of /0/

Answer 27

Voiceless dental fricative

Question 28

VPM of ò (mother)

Answer 28

Voiced dental fricative

Question 29

VPM of /s/

Answer 29

Voiceless alveolar fricative

Question 30

VPM of /z/

Answer 30

Voiced alveolar fricative

Question 31

VPM of S (shin)

Answer 31

Voiceless postalveolar fricative

Question 32

VPM of /3/

Answer 32

Voiced postalveolar fricative

Question 33

VPM of /h/

Answer 33

Voiceless glottal fricative

Question 34

VPM of tS

Answer 34

Voiceless postalveolar affricate

Question 35

VPM of /d3/

Answer 35

Voiced postalveolar affricate

Question 36

What sound do we creative when the velum is up? And what about when it is down?

Answer 36

Up: /g/ - voiceless velar oral stop Down: /ng/ - voiced velar nasal stop

Question 37

Manner of articulation of vowels, and of the consonants /l r j w/

Answer 37

Wide approximation. The active articulator approaches the passive articulator, but they remain so far apart that no friction is produced.

Question 38

VPM of /l/

Answer 38

Voiced alveolar lateral approximant

Question 39

VPM of /r/

Answer 39

Voiced postalveolar (central) approximant

Question 40

VPM of /j/

Answer 40

Voiced palatal (central) approximant

Question 41

VPM of /w/

Answer 41

Voiced labiovelar (central approximant

Question 42

Four questions to ask to find VPM labels of consonants

Answer 42

1. Voiced or voiceless? 2. Where is the closure made? 3. How is the closure made? (Narrow approximation) 4. Is the sound oral or nasal?

Question 43

We can divide consonants into obstruents and sonorants. How can we divide these again?

Answer 43

Divide obstruents into stops and fricatives. Divide sonorants into nasals and approximants.