Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

year 6 > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

acute bronchitis

A

viral pneumonia, copd pic
wheeze fever
crp normal
comsrbative mangement
if crp high - doxy
coryzal symps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ards

A

pao2<300, bilateral opacities, acute pnset
non cardio PO
prone psoitoning, A toE
ABG - refractory to oxygen
pul cap pressure <18mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hydrocephalus

A

sah and meningitis
medical can be furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

motor neurone

A

ALS = mixed
PLS = UMN, Betz
PBP = both, absent jaw jerk, flaccid fasciculation of tongue, Donald duck speech
Pseudobulbar: UMN, increased jaw ja=erk, hot potato
PMA = LMN
riluzole -prolong 3 monthd
percutaneous gastrostomy tube
NIV
vit D if bed boung
eye spared, autonomic fx spared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

criss: lithium, BB - need for NIV, FVC low
diplopia. ptosis
hypernasal speech
plasmapharesis + IVIG in crisis
SCLC, brrast, ovarian cancer = Lambert
pyridostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hypogonadism

A

eunucoid
chemo radio dmaage to gonads
menopause symps
buccal, oral, IM
gynaecomastia, erectile dsfucntion
DEXA
polycythaemia due to testosterone
haemochromatosis
pelvic imaging - amenorrhoea - structural defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carcinoid

A

appendix, small inetstine
5-HIAA
right sided murmurs, bronchospasm,, wheeze, pulm stenosis
octreotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

prolactinoma

A

cabergoline/ bromocriptine
hypothyroid
amenorrhoea (secondary)
men1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

thyroditis

A

riedel’s: woody painless, psc assoc
rapid thryoid enlargement: dyspnoea, dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nephrotic

A

Membranous nephropathy = SLE, hep B
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis = HIV
4-6 weeks steroids
biopsy if haematuria, steroid unrepsonsive
3.5g/24 hours protein
anti PL2R = membranous glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hydrocoele

A

straining, raising arms, coughing
tetsicular tumour
patent processus vainalis
torsion, tumour, epididymo orchitis
USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fibroadenoma

A

> 3cm = surgical excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

aterial and venous

A

venous oozes and bleeds
sloping shallow
atrophie blanche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bppv

A

brandt daroff exercises
if no improvement by 4 weeks - follow
admit if unable to keep down fluids
saccade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

viral labyrinthtisi

A

horizontal nystagmus towards unaffected side
prochlorperazine/ antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

scleirtis

A

RA, SLE, sarcoid, granulomatosis w polyangitis
red eye, painful
same day assessment
NSAIDs
episcleritis, blanching vessels, not painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reactive arthritis

A

sterile pyuria
circinate balanitis
NSAIDs may need PO steroids
dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

alcoholic hepatitis

A

Maddrey’s discriminant function to determine if need steroids for severe
3 months abstinence and best mx and sutiable candidate –> liver transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AI hepatitis

A

type 1: ANA, ASMA
type 2: ALKM
cushingoig features
steroids then axatjioprine (LFT and FBC)
6-12 monthly USS and AFP
liver biopsy
hypergammaglobulinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diverticular disease

A

colovesical fistula -faecaluria, pneumaturia, brown urine
IV fluids, abx .etc. in itis
hartmann’s if peritonitis
brown coloured urine
CT
barium and colonoscpy can be done but perf in acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aspergillus lung disease

A

abpa - cf, asthmatics, eosinophilia, IGE, proximal bronchiectasis
aspergilloma - tb, sarcoid
invasive - septic
steroids and antifungals for abpa
can cause tracheal deviation and haemoptysis if massive aspergilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

obstructive sleep apnoea

A

4 week referral in comorbidities, affecting work - sleep clinic
epworth sleepiness scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hypoglycaemia

A

sepsis, adrenal insufficiency, alcohol
short synacthen, cortisol
ffa’s
two hypoglycaemia requqiring help - no licence
avoid choc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bph

A

obesity, afrocaribbean
5a redcutase - finasteride (test to dihydrotest inhi)
phosphodiesterase-5
anticholinergic - tolterodine, oxybutinin
acute retention - cathter
TURP, TUIP
REZUM - use vapour,
HoLEP - laser - bigger prostate
glycine –> ammonia toxicitiy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mastittis/ breast abscess

A

12-24 no improvment
I&D - diagnostic and therapeutic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

infectious mono

A

palatal petachiae
posterior cervical lymph
burkitt’s, gbs
monospot in rapid point of care
LFTs - affects liver
atypical lymphocytes of blood film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

rhinosinusitis

A

12 weeks
back up abx
smelly discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cataracts

A

hypocalcaemia
dex and chlormaphenicol, reading glasses
retinal detach, posterior capsule opacification
endolphthalmitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

optic neuritis

A

sarcoid, lupus
red desat, central scotoma, like looking through clouds, RAPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

vWD

A

type 3 is AR
epistatxis, menorrhagia
APTT and bleeding time prolonged
desmopressin
tranexamic acid for minor bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

neutropenic sepsis

A

<0.5 x10^9
prophyalxis - fluoroquinolone
tx: tazocin, if no imp meropenem. venc if no ikmrpovement after few days - fungal cause ix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pressure sores

A

type 1: non blanching erythema
2: blister - dermins/ epdiemris
3: subcut
4: necrosis of msucle, bone .etc.
Waterlow score - nutrition, bmi - screen likelihood of presure sores
nutrition, fluids, analgesia, debridement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

psoriasis

A

subungal hyperkeratosis
guttate - strep, tear drop
eyrhtrodermic
pustular - also emegency
topical steroids + vit d
alcohol, beta blockers, trauam worsens
4 week break between steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

syphilis

A

jarish heixhmer - steroid 24 hours before to prevent - fever, chills, headache
uveitis in secondary
lighning pains
argyll robertson pupil – small irregular pupils contrists on convergence not direct light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

carpal tunnel

A

wasting of thenar
amyloid, sarcoid, ra
normal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

septic arthritis

A

2 weeks IV then oral 4 weeks
e coli in elderly
prostehtic orhto in theatre
gonorrhoea in young men
aspirate ebfore abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

barrett’s

A

metapalsia: 3-5 years surveillnce and PPI
high grade: radioalblation + mucosal resection + PPI
low grade: mucosal resection + PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pulm ht

A

loud s2 hs
grham steel murmur - pulm regurg
tricuspid regurg
right heart catheterisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

hungitnton’s

A

lability
atrophy of striatum and butterfly dilatation of ventricles

39
Q

spinal cord compression

A

LMN at level
cauda is LMN, can be asymmetrical
sciatica
urinary retention
16mg dex
mets to bone - thyroid, breats, lungs, prostate

40
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

hypernatraemia
sarcoid for cranial
nephro - hypercalcawmiea, ckd
rule out hypercalcameia, glycemia, hypo potassium
<300 urine osmallaity
nsaids and thiazides for nephjrogenic
monitor hyponatraemia with vasopressin
body weights during water deprivation

41
Q

hyperparathyrodiism

A

primary - give vit d after
secondary - phosphate binders (sevelamar) before then calcium and vit d
tertiary - cinacalcat
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia - low urine (24 hr urine colelction)

42
Q

hypoparathyrodiism

A

thyroid surgery
calcirtirol
pseudohypo - resistant to pth, high pth, low calcium, high phosphate
psuedopseudo is normal biochem

43
Q

siadh

A

demeclocycline + tolvapton
if seizure s- coma hypertonic 3% saline
hyponat signs - N+V, seizures, confusion
SAH, TB, trauma, antipsychotics .etc.
glucose, lipids, proteins rule out pseudonyponatrameia
tfts , cortisol
central pontine myelinolysis

44
Q

renal artery stenosis

A

fibromuscular dysplasia
renin high
transluminal angioplasty choelstrrol cvd rf’s control
acute flashpulm oedema
refractory hypertension

45
Q

urinary incontiencne

A

pessaires, fascial sling, colposuspension
overflow - constipation

46
Q

varicocoele

A

enlargement of testicular veins
embolisation, surgery
valsalva manouvres

47
Q

pad

A

<0.9, <0.5, <0.3
angioplasty in critical limb short lesions
>10cm = open surgery bypass
embolectomy after opioids and unfractionated heparin in acute limb
<20 beurgers
calf - fermoral
buttocks - ilial
* Leriche Syndrome (aortoiliac occlusive disease)
○ Buttock claudication
○ Impotence, erectile dysfunction
Absent/weak distal pulses

48
Q

hus ttp

A

aki, maha, thrombocvytopaenia
bloody diarhooea
haemodialysis
nromal clotting

49
Q

polycythaemia

A

aspirin
hepatosplenomegaly, ht
smoking
aml

50
Q

aspirin

A

hypokalaemia
ecg
1 hr - activated charcoal
clotting - pt prolonged
slaocylate levels
IV potassium chloride, sodium bicarb and fluids
monitor for renal failure -pulm oedema

51
Q

opiate

A

400mg naloxone
resp acidosis

52
Q

paracetmaol

A

hypoglycaemia
if malnourished, signs of ruq even if <4hours IV nacetyl
otherwsie wait as peak at 4 hours
<1 - activated chasrcoal
King’s college: pH<7.3, PT >100, enceohalopathy, creatinine
mx 2x500, 4 in 24 hrs

53
Q

sepsis

A

qsofa score 2 or more - high rsik
RR > 22, altered mental state, hypotension - sbp <100

54
Q

cutaenous warts

A

keratanised: imiqumod
non: podophyllin
6, 11
gardasil
HBV, syphillis, HIV

55
Q

hyeprcalcaemia of malig

A

addisons, sarcoid, paget’s rule out
thiazides, milk alklai also rule out

56
Q

ibs

A

isphagula hsuk - fybogel
>6months
blaoting
ssri’s - cosmntipation dom, amitryptilline for diarrhoea dom
cbt
passage of mucus
antispasmodics - peppermnt oil

57
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

jaundice
aflatoxins - aspergillus flavus
ruq mass
biopsy between ribs

58
Q

pilonidal sinus

A

forced hair isnertion into natal cleft
karydaki’s if recurrent
abscess - icision and drainage same day

59
Q

dvt

A

> 3cm
if scan -ve, d-dimer +ve, stop anticoag and repeat scan in 1 week
heparin if renal failure/ risk of bleeding
extend below knee/ cancer = 6 months
thrombophlebitis is comp
proximal leg USS within 4 hours
nephrotic syndrome
Homan’s sign

60
Q

dyslipidaemia

A

fasdting triglycerides
secondary to cushings, hypothyroid
check tfts
steroids
fundoscopy
lft 3 months then 12 months
ck >5 times upper limit
asthenia, myositis, gi distubance
qrisk - 10% not type 1, renal fialure, familial
20mg

61
Q

asbestos

A

clubbing in both
lymph, abdo pain
thoracoscopy - bloody pleural fluid
pulm rehab + oxygen therapy maybe lung transplant in asbeetsos
shipyard workers
bilateral insp crackles

62
Q

idopathic lung fibrosis

A

pirfenidone - anti fibrotic
pulm rehab, stob smoking, physio
rhf - cor pulmonale

63
Q

lung abscess

A

pseudomonas, kleb, staph
foul smelling sputum

64
Q

cns tumours

A

dex for cerebral oedema
meningioma, craniopharyngioma, oligodendroma, meningioma, glioblastoma, check cheat sheet
werncike’s - temporal
tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis

65
Q

encephalitis

A

CMV, cryptococcus
cerebral fluid viral PCR
CMV - add ganciclovir and foscarnet
subacute scleroising panencephalitis
monitoring for 1 year
MRI: oedema, BBB breakdown, hyperdense lesions

66
Q

horners

A

neck pain - carotid
CT angiography for dissection
STC (central, pre, post)
stroke, syringo, ms
trauma, thyrodectomy, pancoast tumour
carotid atyery diss, cavernous sinus, cluster, carotid aneursym

67
Q

bladder cancer

A

aromatic amines, smoking
Baso low risk and non-invasive = TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumour)
If low risk and invading muscle = radical cystectomy
If muscle invasive and high risk and unfit for cystectomy = radiotherapy
Palliative if msucle invasive and widespread metastases
If hgih risk of recurrence = intravesical bacillus camette-guerin (BCG)
recurrent uti’s, fund symps
htn + polycythaemia
cystoscopy + biopsy

68
Q

eczema

A

patch test
tzanck test - herpes
refer if contact dermatitis
topical calcineurin inhibitors = tacrolimus

69
Q

erythema multiforme

A

CAPINTS
sarcoid malignancy
mucosal - major

70
Q

scc

A

marjolins arising for ulcer
bowen’s is SCC in situ

71
Q

malaria

A

primaquine for vivax and ovale
chloroquine for others
parasitameia >2%, severe anaemia, hypoglycaemia, acidosis = severe
rapid diagnostic tests
3 consecutive days of blood films
thrombocytopaenia

72
Q

amyloidosis

A

national amyloid centre
dexomethoasone and bortezomib
abdo fat biopsy/ rectum
periorbital purpura
macroglossia
waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia

73
Q

microcytic

A

low transferrin or normal in acd
angular stomatitis
peripehral neuropathy in lead piisoning
pencnil cells
koilonycia
pyridoxine for sideroblastic
dimercaprol for lead posioning

74
Q

macrocytic

A

phenytoin for folate
myelodysplasia, alcohols may have liver disease
hypersegmented cells
taregt - likver disease
IM hydroxocobalamin 3x a week for 2 weeks then 3 monthly lifelong

75
Q

mallory weiss

A

hyperemesis gravidarum
retching
tarry stools
CXR - rule out boerhaave’s
pneumomediastinum, emphysema, crepitus, pleural effusion in boerhaave’s

76
Q

mitral regurg

A

bromocriptine
mitral valve prolapse - mid systolic click
atrial myxoma
laterally displaced apex beat thrusting
parasternal heave

77
Q

wernicke’s

A

ammonia
bariatric, severe vomiting
glucose after thiamine
acomprosate

78
Q

men

A

AD
Men1 and 2 is RET gene
remember prolactinoma under pituiatyr
gastrinomas –> peptic ulcer

79
Q

pcos

A

eflornithine worsens acne
clomiphene
bp, lipid profile, weight

80
Q

testicular cancer

A

mumps orcvhitis
afp non seminomas
teratoma, choriocarcinoma
ldh
hydrocoele
para aortic ln’s

81
Q

end of life symps

A

chlorpromazine for hiccups
ondansetron chemo
metoclopromide gi but not bowel obstruction
ocycodone from morphone /2
to subcut dimorphine /3

82
Q

metastatic disease

A

dex for cerebral oedema, seizures
spine most common
path fractures, hyperclacaemia, alp raised

83
Q

candidiasis

A

nystatin, micoconazole
spacer
glycaemic control

84
Q

q fever

A

transaminitis
pneumonia
doxycycline

85
Q

acud base

A

stroke, sah, anxiety = resp alk
met acid = diarrhiea
met alk = vomiting

86
Q

head injury

A

<13
<15 2 hours after
new focal neurology
al within 1 hr

8 hours - bleeding, <15, dangerous mech

87
Q

hypothermia

A

osborne waves, j waves
prolonged qt
avoid iv drugs
ecg, abg, glucose, haematocrit

88
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene
ca2+ release
suxamethonium

89
Q

lyme disease

A

meningitis, facial palsy, heart block, ericarditis
ELISA, repeat 4-6 weeks later if -ve
if symptoms persist at 12 weeks do immunoblot
28 days doxy
IV ceftriaxone 2-4 weeks if does not resolve

90
Q

osteomalacia

A

looser’s zones and pseudofractures

91
Q

psoriatic

A

psarc score
arthritis mutilans, spondylitis, dip preodminant

92
Q

path fractures

A

pagets, osteo, parathyroid, mets and primary bone tumours

93
Q

spinal fractures

A

wedging of vertebra on x-ray

94
Q

breast cancer referrals

A

Breast cancer in a first-degree male relative of any age
Breast cancer in a first-degree relative under the age of 40
Bilateral breast cancer in a first-degree relative under the age of 50
Breast cancer in two first-degree relatives

95
Q

ra das score

A

DAS scores of >5.1 indicate high disease activity and the recommendation is to escalate therapy and to consider biologic therapy if eligible

year 6 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions