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Pharmacotherapeutics 1 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the treatment goals for Nausea and Vomiting?

A
  • prevent or relieve symptoms
  • prevent complications
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2
Q

When selecting drugs what are the things to consider?

A
  • cause of nausea/vomiting
  • severity of symptoms
  • route of admin
  • comorbidities
  • previous response
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3
Q

What are the common adverse effects of NonCytotoxic agents?

A
  • opioids
  • tramadol
  • antibiotics
  • estrogens
  • metformin
  • cannabis
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4
Q

What are the signs of drug toxicity of causative agents?

A
  • digoxin
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5
Q

What are the 5 drug classes of Anti-emetics?

A
  • dopamine antagonists
  • anticholinergics
  • corticosteroids
  • sedating antihistamines
  • substance P antagonists
  • 5ht3 Antagonists
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6
Q

What is the drug class for Domperidone, Metoclopramide, droperidol?

A

Dopamine Antagonists

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7
Q

What is the drug class of Hyoscine Hydrobromide?

A

Anticholinergics

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8
Q

What is the drug class for Promethazine/cyclizine?

A

Sedating Anti-histamine

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9
Q

What is the drug class for Palonosetron/Ondansetron?

A

5HT3 Antagonists

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10
Q

What is the drug class for Netupitant/aprepitant?

A

Substance P antagonists

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11
Q

What is the drug class for Dexamethasone?

A

Corticosteroid

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12
Q

What are the risk factors for PONV?

A

Patient Characteristics:
- pre-operative nausea and vomiting
- Female gender
- History of PONV or motion sickness
- Non-Smoking
- Age
- History of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

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13
Q

What are the anaesthetic factors?

A
  • technique
  • use of volatile anaesthetics
  • duration
  • administration of postoperative opiods
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14
Q

What are the prevention for PONV?

A

Zero Primary risk factor = prophylaxis not usually required

One or Two risk factors = use 1 or 2 drugs

3+ Risk factors = use combination therapy with at least two drugs (ensure baseline risk factors are minimised)

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15
Q

What are the TG for prevention of PONV?

A
  • a 5HT3-receptor antagonist intravenously
  • Dexamethasone 4mg intravenously as a single dose at the start of anaesthesia
  • Droperidol 0.5-0.625mg intravenously as a single dose at the end of anaesthesia
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16
Q

If antiemetic was given for prophylaxis then what should be done?

A

Use from a different class

17
Q

What is the diverticulosis?

A

Small buldge in the colon

18
Q

What is Diverticulitis?

A

When the small buldge within the colon becomes inflamed.

19
Q

What are the risk factors for Diverticula?

A
  • low fibre diet = constipation
  • smoking
  • overweight/obese
  • Genetics
20
Q

What are the 5 diverticulitis managements?

A
  • computed tomography
  • antibiotics
  • high fibre diet
  • pain management
  • surgical removal
21
Q
A

Pharmacotherapeutics 1 (3 decks)

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