WEEK 3 Flashcards
(48 cards)
gestation period
41 weeks seperated into 3 trimesters
- first trimester - 1-12 weeks/ organ development
- second trimester - 12-24 weeks/ rapid growth phase
- third trimester - 24-41 weeks/ finial growth and maturation phase
What do oestrogen and progesterone do to periodontal tissues?
reduce barrier function
alter capillary circulation
promote anaerobic bacteria
inhance inflammatory reaction to plaque
When are some other times in a patients life when hormones can influence the periodontium?
puberty, when taking oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, pathology involving the ovaries
How do sex hormones reduce the barrier function of oral epithelium?
- reduces keratinization of oral epthelium - decreases effectiveness of epithelial barrier against bacterial attack
- increases permeability of periodontal capillaries - allowing plaque bacteria to migrate into bloodstream
- reduced collagen repair/production by fibroblasts- folate stores needed for tissue maintenance and repair are depleted by oestrogen and progesterone
How do sex hormones interfere with the immune response?
suppress neutrophil activity, reduces neutrophil efficiency
How do sex hormones effect collagen remodelling?
depletes folate stores needed for collagen remodelling.
True or False: Gingival inflammation is more common and more reactive in pregnant women in comparison to non-pregnant women with the same amount of plaque
true
What is a pregnancy epulis and when do they occur?
a benign growth presenting as a soft, red, gingival lesion.
Occurs most commonly in second or third trimesters. 0.2-9.6% of pregnancies.
What causes a pregnancy epulis?
a localized hyper-responsive reaction to irritation from plaque or calculus retained within the periodontal pocket
how do you treat a pregnancy epulis?
surgical removal if it doesn’t resolve after improved oral hygiene or birth.
How common is pregnancy gingivitis and when during pregnancy does it occur?
96% of women, usually in second or third trimesters
What is the prevalence of pregnancy periodontitis?
20-50% most often in ethnic or low socioeconomic populations
How common is gestational diabetes?
1 in 7 women, usually third trimester.
what are some additional risks for patients with gestational diabetes?
developing periodontitis, getting diabetes after birth, preeclampsia
How does periodontitis effect birth complications?
the infections and inflammation associated with periodontitis can cause preterm labour or low birth weight.
When is it preferred to do periodontal treatment for pregnant women?
second trimester
Can dental x-rays be taken during pregnancy?
yes
Can local anaesthetics be administered during pregnancy?
yes but avoid felypressin
which type of antibiotics should be avoided during pregnancy?
tetracycline
Is periodontal disease in expectant mothers is consistently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (i.e. preterm and low birthweight babies)?
no
Does periodontal treatment consistently prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes?
no
How does a childrens periodontium differ from an adults?
more red, shallow probing depths (1-2mm), bone levels from CEJ less than 1 mm
What are normal radiographic bone levels from CEJ to alveolar crest in adults?
2mm
Why is gingival overgrowth common in people during puberty?
increased hormone levels, ortho, mouth breathing
