week 3

Question 1

speech production, 3 levels

Answer 1

articulatory (head)
phonatory (throat)
respiratory (chest)

Question 2

respiratory level

Answer 2

lungs + bronchial tubes

egressive (breathing out) x ingressive (breathing in

pulmonic (air pressure from lungs) x non-pulmonic (ejectives, implosives, clicks)

Question 3

phonatory level

Answer 3

trachea, larynx, vocal folds, glottis

speed of vibration = frequency
higher frequency = higher pitch

Question 4

larynx

Answer 4

vibration = phonation

Question 5

vocal folds

Answer 5

cords

open = voiceless
closed + vibration = voiced
closed - vibration = glottal stop

Question 6

articulatory level

Answer 6

throat - pharyngeal cavity
mouth - oral cavity
nose - nasal cavity

place, manner, energy of articulation

Question 7

lips

Answer 7

bilabial

Question 8

lips, teeth

Answer 8

labiodental

Question 9

teeth

Answer 9

dental

Question 10

tongue, alveolar ridge

Answer 10

alveolar

Question 11

tongue, back of alveolar ridge

Answer 11

postalveolar

Question 12

tongue, hard palate

Answer 12

palatal

Question 13

tongue, soft palate

Answer 13

velar

Question 14

tongue, uvula

Answer 14

uvular

Question 15

pharynx, tongue

Answer 15

pharyngeal

Question 16

plosive (stops)

Answer 16

blocking ariflow - then released

bilabial /p/, /b/

alveolar /t/, /d/

velar /k/, /g/

Question 17

fricatives

Answer 17

forcing air through narrow = turbulance

labiodental /f/, /v/

dental /θ/, /ð/

alveolar /s/, /z/

postalveolar /ʃ/, /ʒ/

glottal /h/

Question 18

affricates

Answer 18

plosives - released into fricatives

postalveolar /tʃ/, /dʒ/

Question 19

nasals

Answer 19

air escaping through nose

bilabial /m/

alveolar /n/

velar /ŋ/

Question 20

approximants

Answer 20

narrowing - not enough for turbulence

alveolar /ɹ/

palatal /j/

labiovelar /w/

Question 21

lateral approximant

Answer 21

alveolar /l/

Question 22

vowels

Answer 22

based on tongue height (high, mid, low), tongue position (front, central,
back), and lip rounding (rounded or unrounded)

front
central
back

Question 23

front vowels

Answer 23

o /i/ as in “see”
o /ɪ/ as in “sit”
o /e/ as in “say”
o /ɛ/ as in “bed”
o /æ/ as in “cat”

Question 24

central vowels

Answer 24

o /ə/ (schwa) as in the first syllable of “sofa”
o /ʌ/ as in “cup”

Question 25

back vowels

Answer 25

o /u/ as in "food" o /ʊ/ as in "foot" o /o/ as in "go" o /ɔ/ as in "saw" o /ɑ/ as in "father"