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2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health > Week 3-5 > Flashcards

Week 3-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Bedrest

A
  • Upright & locomotion fundamental to human condition
  • Short & prescribed treatment
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2
Q

Bedridden

A
  • Confined to bed
  • Social death
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3
Q

Bedrest Reasons

A
  • Major surgery
  • Spinal cord injury
  • Coma
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4
Q

Instability (1) Phase

A
  • Mobility aid or furniture walking
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5
Q

Incident (2) Phase

A
  • Event leading to hospitalization
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6
Q

Immobility (3) Phase

A
  • Confined to room
  • Increasingly restricted
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7
Q

Local Confinement (4) Phase

A
  • Increase dependency on others to move
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8
Q

Bedridden (5) Phase

A
  • In bed 24/7
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9
Q

Changing the Bedridden Phases

A
  • Incident prevention
  • Transfer knowledge
  • Avoiding assumptions
  • Strengths-based care
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10
Q

Mobility Predictors

A
  • Hearing
  • Eyesight
  • Foot conditions
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11
Q

Morse Fall Scale Components

A
  • Fall history
  • Secondary diagnosis
  • Mobility aid
  • Lines (IV, catheter, feeding tube)
  • Gait
  • Cognitive status
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12
Q

Cardiovascular Changes with Immobility

A
  • Increased workload
  • Slower blood return
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13
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A
  • Increases intrathoracic pressure
  • May cause dizziness
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14
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A
  • Heart works harder & less efficiently
  • Effects CO
  • Blood vessels slack off
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15
Q

Blood Flow Interventions

A
  • Anticoagulants
  • Raise feet
  • Compression socks
  • Hydration
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16
Q

Respiratory Function with Immobility

A
  • Decreased capacity
  • Secretions
  • Atelectasis
  • Narcotics
  • Pneumonia
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17
Q

Respiratory Interventions

A
  • Deep breathing & coughing
  • Repositioning every 2hrs
  • Pursed lip breathing
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18
Q

Physical Restraints

A
  • Limit movement
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19
Q

Environmental Restraints

A
  • Control mobility
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20
Q

Chemical Restraints

A
  • Impact mind
  • Pyschoactive
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21
Q

Perfusion

A
  • Ability to pump oxygenated blood to tissues
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22
Q

Ventilation

A
  • Gas exchange occurring in lungs
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23
Q

Diffusion

A
  • Molecules move from higher to lower concentration
  • Occurs at alveolar capillaries
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24
Q

Atelectasis

A
  • Alveoli blocked with mucus
  • Causes alveoli to collapse
  • Crackles on auscultation
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25
Q

Inspiration

A
  • Active process
  • Stimulated by chemical receptors
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26
Q

Expiration

A
  • Passive process
  • Relies on elastic recoil of lungs
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27
Q

Aspiration

A
  • Impaired swallow
  • Food, drink, foreign objects inhaled into lungs
  • Weak, ineffective cough
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28
Q

Hypoxia

A
  • Inadequate tissue oxygenation at cellular level
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29
Q

Hypoxia Intervention

A
  • Treatment of underlying disorder (fever, infection)
  • Supplemental oxygen
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30
Q

Hypoxia S&S

A
  • Cyanosis/blue (late sign)
  • Anxiety (early sign)
  • Restlessness
  • Disoriented
  • LOC
  • Dyspnea
  • RR & pulse
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31
Q

Manifestations of Decreased Oxygenation

A
  • Diaphoresis
  • Feeling unwell
  • Pleuritic chest pain (empyema)
  • Tachypnea
  • Dyspnea/SOB
  • Orthopnea
  • Fatigue/tire easily
  • Poor appetite/anorexia
  • Cough
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32
Q

Wheezes

A
  • ‘Musical’
  • Asthma/emphysema/COPD
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33
Q

COPD

A
  • Chronic, progressive, airflow limitation
  • Difficult/uncomfortable breathing
34
Q

COPD S&S

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Fatigue
35
Q

COPD Diagnosis

A
  • Chest x-ray
  • Airflow testing (spirometry)
  • Arterial blood gas (advanced/baseline)
36
Q

Pneumonia

A
  • Inflammation of lung tissue by microorganism
  • Crackles on auscultation
37
Q

CAP

A
  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Acquired outside the hospital
38
Q

HAP

A
  • Hospital acquired pneumonia
  • Occurs 48+hrs after hospital admission
39
Q

VAP

A
  • Ventilator associated pneumonia
  • Occurs 48+hrs after patient starts on ventilator
40
Q

HCAP

A
  • Healthcare associated pneumonia
  • Occurs in hospital or long-term care
41
Q

Pneumonia Treatment

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Steroids, more severe cases
  • Rest
  • Hydrate
  • Symptom management (tylenol etc)
42
Q

Pneumonia Interventions

A
  • Teaching (prevention, care, vaccination of family)
  • H/H hydration & humidification
  • Oxygen
  • Rest
  • Nutrition
  • Suction
  • Deep breathing/coughing
  • Chest physiotherapy (resp therapist)
43
Q

Chest Physiotherapy

A
  • Mobilizations of secretions
  • Chest wall percussion to stimulate cough
44
Q

Pneumonia Diagnosis

A
  • Chest x-ray (posterior, anterior, lateral)
  • History
  • Physical
  • Blood test culture and sensitivity (C&S)
  • Sputum C&S
45
Q

Supplemental Oxygen

A
  • Administer then contact physician (emergency)
  • Not preclude treatment of underlying hypoxia/dyspnea
  • Deep breathing & coughing FIRST
46
Q

Supplemental Oxygen Side Effects

A
  • Atelectasis
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Continuously monitor
47
Q

ABG Test

A
  • Arterial blood gas
  • Taken from wrist
  • Tests for acid base balance
48
Q

Kidneys

A
  • Metabolic
  • Regulate HCO3 in ECF
  • Slow compensation (hours-days)
49
Q

Lungs

A
  • Respiratory
  • Regulate CO2 & carbonic acid
  • Increase RR
  • Rapid compensation
50
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A
  • Increase in H2CO3
  • pH less than 7.35
51
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Causes

A
  • Opioids
  • Neuro (ALS)
  • Pneumonia
52
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A
  • Decrease in H2CO3
  • pH greater than 7.45
53
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

A
  • Anxiety
  • Pulmonary embolism
54
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A
  • Gain of acid
  • Loss of base
  • pH less than 7.35
55
Q

Metabolic Acidosis Causes

A
  • Severe diarrhea
  • Diabetes
56
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  • Loss of acid
  • Gain of base
  • pH greater than 7.45
57
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis Causes

A
  • Antacids
  • Severe vomiting
  • NGT to suction (sxn)
58
Q

Normal Bacteria Flora

A
  • Microorganisms that reside in & on the body
  • Need them to survive
59
Q

Impairment of Normal Flora

A
  • Lead to infection
  • Harmful micrograms when normal is out of balance
60
Q

Colonization

A
  • Microorganisms present without host interference/interaction
61
Q

Infection

A
  • Host interaction with an organism
62
Q

Infectious Disease

A
  • Host displays a decline in wellness due to infection
63
Q

Non-Infectious Disease

A
  • Host interacts immunologically with an organism but remains symptom free
64
Q

Incubation Period

A
  • Entrance of microorganisms to host
  • To development of symptoms
  • May take time to develop symptoms
65
Q

Prodromal Stage

A
  • Development of non-specific to specific symptoms
66
Q

Illness Stage

A
  • Onset of specific signs & symptoms
  • Commencement of illness
67
Q

Convalescence

A
  • Symptoms disappear
  • Return to baseline/normal
68
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A
  • Procedures that eliminate all microorganisms including spores
69
Q

Medical Asepsis

A
  • Procedures used to reduce & prevent spread
70
Q

Disinfection

A
  • Elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores
  • Involves chemical, heat, ultra-violet light
71
Q

Sterilization

A
  • Destruction of all microorganisms
72
Q

Resident Bacteria

A
  • Found under/on skin surface
  • Less likely to be associated with infection
73
Q

Transient Bacteria

A
  • Acquired through direct patient contact
  • More amenable to hand hygiene removal
74
Q

HCAI

A
  • Healthcare associated infection
  • Acquired in hospital after admission
  • Can appear after discharge
75
Q

High Risk HCAIs

A
  • Surgical site infections
  • UTIs (catheters)
  • Bloodstream infections (intravascular devices)
  • Pneumonia (ventilators)
76
Q

Iron Level Test

A
  • Decreased with chronic infection
77
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

A
  • Elevated with inflammation
78
Q

C-Reactive Protein

A
  • Detects inflammation
79
Q

C&S

A
  • Determines bacteria resistance to antibiotics
  • Blood, urine, wound, sputum
80
Q

CBC

A
  • Complete blood count
  • Detects infection through WBC levels

2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health (4 decks)

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