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2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health > Week 6-9 > Flashcards

Week 6-9 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Errors of Omission

A
  • Result of actions not taken
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2
Q

Errors of Commission

A
  • Result of wrong action taken
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3
Q

Near Miss

A
  • Event that could have resulted in unwanted consequences but did not occur
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4
Q

Structured Communication

A
  • Focus on problem
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5
Q

Ineffective Communication

A
  • Indirect speaking
  • Hint & hope approach
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6
Q

Situation - SBAR

A
  • Introduce self & patient
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7
Q

Background - SBAR

A
  • Relevant medical background
  • Reason for admission
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8
Q

Assessment - SBAR

A
  • Pressing health concern and body systems effected
  • Relevant assessment findings
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9
Q

Recommendation - SBAR

A
  • See patient now
  • Assess patient x time
  • Transfer patient
  • Monitoring/investigation needs
  • Continued management
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10
Q

Pain

A
  • Unpleasant sensory & emotional experience
  • Associated with actual/potential tissue damage
  • Subjective
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11
Q

Nociceptive Pain

A
  • Damage to somatic/visceral tissue
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12
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A
  • Damage to nerve cells/changes in spinal cord processing
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13
Q

Acute Pain

A
  • Days to months
  • Easier to identify
  • Resolves
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14
Q

Chronic Pain

A
  • 6+months
  • Impacts quality of life
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15
Q

Analgesic Types

A
  • NSAIDS/non-opioid
  • Opioids
  • Co-analgesic/adjuvant
  • Align to level of pain
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16
Q

Codeine

A
  • Increased metabolism leads to oversedation
  • Not used below 12 years
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17
Q

Pediatric Considerations

A
  • Assessment scales (FLACC)
  • Infants 1+months metabolize drugs the same as children
  • Addiction to opioids rare in children
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18
Q

Elderly Considerations

A
  • Start low and go slow
  • Comorbidities (cognitive, heart failure, drug interaction)
  • NSAIDS
  • Constipation
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19
Q

Opioid Side Effects

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Hallucinations
  • Confusion
  • GI upset
  • Urine retention
  • Respiratory depression
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20
Q

Addiction

A
  • Behaviour
  • Impaired drug use control
  • Compulsive use
  • Continued use despite harm
  • Craving
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21
Q

Tolerance

A
  • Exposure to drug induces changes
  • Result in decreased drug effect over time
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22
Q

Overdose Treatment

A
  • Narcan/naloxone
  • Effective treatment exists (10% of people get it)
  • Revived & discharged
  • Harm reduction (safe consumption site)
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23
Q

Needs of an Addict

A
  • Physical & emotional pain
  • SBN & trust
  • Human connection & opportunity to ask for help
  • Simple acts of kindness
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24
Q

Opioid Crisis

A
  • Misunderstanding of addictive risk
  • Frequent high amounts of prescribing
  • Lack of access to prescriptions - illicit use
  • Contamination
  • Stigma towards substance use disorders
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25
Venipuncture
- Vein is punctured through the skin by a sharp rigid stylet - Both IV therapy & blood specimen procurement
26
Primary Line
- Main line - 1L bag of solution
27
Secondary Line
- Medication mini bag - Piggyback
28
Bolus
- Large volume over short period
29
Push
- Syringe directly into vein
30
Patent
- Any tube that is flowing, no blockages
31
IV Purpose
- Works quickly - Administer different things (meds in various forms, blood transfusion) - Replaces water/electrolytes - Nutrition
32
Parenteral Replacement
- Nutrition given via route other than digestive track - TPN, total parenteral nutrition - Given via blood
33
Crystalloids
- Glucose sodium chloride, ringer's lactate - Electrolytes cross semi-permeable membrane
34
Colloids
- Albumin, pentaspan, PRBCs (blood product) - Larger molecules, don't cross membrane
35
Isotonic Solution
- Osmolarity of 300, no fluid shift - Rehydration - Expanding/replacing volume (ECF losses) - 0.9% NaCl
36
D5W Considerations
- Isotonic outside the body - Hypotonic inside the body
37
Hypertonic Solutions
- Intravascular from intracellular/interstitial - Not used for dehydration - Used for electrolyte replacement - Stabilize blood pressure - Renal & heart failure caution
38
Hypotonic Soultion
- Fluid shift from intravascular into interstitial - Used for hydrating ICF & interstitial spaces - 0.45% NaCl
39
Potassium K+
- Ensure client has adequate kidney function - NPO with kidney function add K+ to solution - 3.5-5mmol/L - Cardiac dysrhythmia if given as bolus/push
40
Peripheral IV
- Distance to heart/central circulation
41
Central IV
- Decreased infiltration risk - Disperses quicker (less irritating to vein) - Long term
42
PICC Line
- Peripherally inserted central catheter - Tip sits above heart - Stay in for 3 months
43
Tunneled/Portacath Line
- Implanted surgically underneath skin - Forms infection barrier
44
Subclavian Line
- Shorter term than other central lines - Emergency/acute access
45
Angiocath
- Peripheral IV insertion - Backflow of blood when hit the vein - Left behind in vein, attach tubing
46
Arm Board
- Prevent arm from bending to keep IV flowing - Vein in neutral position
47
Volume Control Device
- Below IV bag - Clamp between bag & patient - Allows for intermittent flow
48
Run Away Fluid
- Sudden increase in flow rate
49
Infiltration
- Tip of angiocath slips out of vein - Fluid leaks into surrounding skin - Reinsert in a different limb
50
Extravasation
- Leakage of tissue damaging medication
51
Phlebitis
- Inflammation around IV site causing blood clot to form - Reinsert in a different vein
52
Air Embolism
- Air/gas into vascular system - Tubing not primed or primed while attached to patient
53
Sepsis
- Immune system response to infection - Bacteria within the IV
54
Hematoma
- Blood collects underneath skin - Leakage from vessel into soft tissue
55
Teaching
- Interactive process promoting learning - Requires effective communication
56
Good Teachers
- Empathetic listening - Observe astutely - Speak clearly
57
Learning
- Confirm predictions or change them - Identify need for knowing/acquiring ability
58
Teaching Approaches
- 1:1 - Group - Analogies/metaphors - Role playing - Simulation - Evaluation
59
Knowledge
- Acquisition & use of information from formal sources
60
Informed Consent
- Health care consent act - Governs who makes treatment decisions for someone incapable of making their own
61
Hierarchy of Substitute Decision Makers
1. Court-appointed guardian 2. POA for personal care 3. Appointed by consent & capacity board 4. Spouse/partner 5. Child or partner (>16) 6. Parent who has right of access 7. Brother/sister 8. Any other relative 9. Public guardian & trustee (last resort)
62
Goals of Client Education
- Promote health & prevent disease - Restoring health - Optimizing quality of life with impaired functioning
63
Cognitive Learning Domain
- Frontal Lobe - Remembering, thinking, comprehension
64
Affective Learning Domain
- Emotions & values
65
Psychomotor Learning Domain
- Motor skills
66
Ability to Learn Considerations
- Emotional capability - Intellectual capability - Physical capability - Developmental stage
67
Selling Approach
- Two-way communication
68
Participation Approach
- Mutual goals & feedback
69
Entrusting Approach
- Self-care
70
Reinforcing Approach
- Positive feedback
71
Elderly Learning Differences
- Processing speed - Sensory - Hearing/volume - Printed materials
72
Motivation & Transtheoretical Model of Change
- Precontemplation - Contemplation - Preparation - Action - Maintenance

2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health (4 decks)

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