Week 3 Flashcards by Katie Fesler

What componenet of the ETC is not required for oxidative phosphorylation? Why?

complex II

does not span the mitochondrial membrane

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complex I

NADH Q oxidoreductase

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substrate for complex I

NADH

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inhibitor for complex I

rotenone

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CoQ

quinone derivative

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complex II

succinate-Q reductase

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substrate for complex II

FADH2

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complex III

Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase

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inhibitor of complex III

Antimycin A

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complex IV

cytochrome c oxidase

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inhibitor of complex IV

carbon monoxide

cyanide

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complex V

ATP synthase

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inhibitor of complex V

oligomycin

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order of ETC enzymes

complex I
CoQ
Complex II
cytochrome C
complex IV
complex V

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inhibitors of ETC enzymes work by

blocking oxidation and reducing both ATP generation and oxygen consumption

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uncouplers

disrupt the mitochondrial membrane and reduce ATP product but increase oxygen consumption

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ETC is location

in the mitochondrial membrane

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NADH and FADH2 are transported actively or passively into the mitochrondira

actively

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glycerophosphate shuttle

moves reducing equivalents of NADH from cytosol to an FAD in the mitochondrion

cytosolic dihydroxyacteton phosphate is reduced to glycerol-3-phosphate which then moves into the mitochondria and transers the electron to FAD

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maltate-aspartate shuttle

moves maltate into the mitochrondria to be oxidized to oxaloacetate and NADH

moves aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarte out f the mitrochondria to the cytosol

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maltate is a reduced form of

oxaloacetate

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the outer-membrane of mitochondria is impermeable to…

NADH and FADH2

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the electron transport enzymes and ATP synthase located in what membrane of the mitochondria

intermembrane

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enzymes for TCA, beta oxidation, and pyruvate dyhydrogenase are where in the mitochondria

mitochondria matrix

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NAD+ is oxidized or reduced

the oxidized form

NADH is oxidize or reduced

the reduced form

final electron accept of ETC is

oxygen

ETC complexes are where in the mitochondria

on the innter-mitochondrial membrane

which ETC complex does not span the mitochondrial membrane - what does this mean

complex II - it does not pump protons

which complex is part of both ETC and TCA?

complex II aka succinate dehydrogenase

what are the mobile parts of the ETC

Q/ubiquinone | cytochrome C

the flow of electrons comes into ETC as

NADH

enzyme of inner mitochondrial membrane

- electron carriers - complexes 1-iv - ATP synthase - membrane transporters

enzymes of the mitochondrial matrix

- citric acid cycle enzymes - beta oxidation enzymes - pyruvate dehydrogenase

out mitochondrial membrane enzymes

- acyl coa synthetase | - glycerolphosphate acyl transferase

electrons flow through complex 1 through

electrons from NADH are transferred through a flavin mononucleotide and then through an iron sulfur center containing complex

electrons flow through complex II through

electrons from FADH are transferred to FAD through an iron sulfur complex and then again to ubiquinone which will transfer electrons to both cytochrome B and C in the Q cycle

electrons flow through complex IV through

cytochrome C will donate 4 electrons to heme complex within complex IV and these electrons will ultimately be passed on to molecular oxygen to be reduced to water

quinol

fully reduced form of Q | carries 2 protons and 2 electrons

quinone

fully oxidized | lost both electrons and both protons

semiquinone

free radical formed transiently

Q can donate electrons to

both cytochrome B and C

semiquionone Is formed because

cytochromes can only accept one electron at a time so the radical is transiently formed when quinol loses one electrons to a cytochrome

the donation of electrons to cytochromes is coupled with

the movementof protons across the inner-mitochondrial membrane through complex V or ATP synthase which uses the gradient to produce ATP

the ETC sets up an electrochemical gradient by

passing electrons from complex to complex which is coupled with the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane

describe the electrochemical gradient created by the ETC

positive charge in the inner membrane space and negative charge in the mitochondrial matrix

primary sites of ETC impacted by inhibitors and uncouplers

- consumption of NADH - consumption of oxygen - production of ATP

roenone inhibits

the transfer of electrons from complex 1

cyanide and carbon monoxide inhibit

complex 4

oligomycin inhibits

complex 5

what complex is not required for oxidative phosphorylation

complex II

name for complex I

NADH Q oxidoreductase

substrate for complex I

NADH

inhibitor of complex I

rotenone

name for CoQ

quinone derivative

name for complex II

succinate-Q reductase

substrate for complex II

FADH2

name for complex III

Q-cytochrome C oxidoreductase

inhibitor of complex III

antimycin A

name for complex IV

cytochrome c oxidase

inhibitor of complex IV

carbon monoxide | cyanide

name for complex V

ATP synthase

inhibitor of complex V

oligomycin

moves reducing equivalents of NADH form the cytosol to an FAD in the mitochondrion

glycerophosphate shuttle

describe glycerophosphate shuttle

cytosolic dihydroxyacetone phosphate is reduced to glycerol 3-phosphate which moves into the mitochondria and transfers theelectron to FAD

maltate-aspartate shuttle

- moves maltate into the mitochondria where it is oxidized to oxaloacetate and NADH - moves aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate out of the mitochondria into the cytosol

ATP is a high energy molecule that is often hydrolyzed during reactions. The energy within ATP is stored primarily in...

high energy phosphate bonds

what is the correct and complete electron transfer pathway necessary for oxidative phosphorylation

``` NADH complex I CoQ complex III cyt c complex IV ```

What component of the ETC passes electrons to oxygen causing it to be reduced to water?

cytochrome c oxidase which is complex IV

The malate-aspartate shuttle is used to move reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria where it can be oxidized. Which compound is used to move the reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria?

maltate

Dinitrophenol is an uncoupler of the electron transport chain. The addition of dinitrophenol will have what impacts?

increased oxygen consumption

As electrons flow through complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space. What is most reflective of the pH in the intermembrane space?

the pH is higher in the matrix when compared to the intermembrane space

A 19-year-old male is being evaluated for muscle weakness. Evaluation of a muscle biopsy revealed normal rates of succinate oxidation but very low rates of pyruvate oxidation. Further testing determined normal levels of enzymatic activity in both malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Based on this data, the patient may have a mutation in a gene encoding for which mitochondrial protein?

complex I

Week 3 Flashcards

(73 cards)