week 3 Flashcards
(10 cards)
what is an annuity
When the periodic cash flows are of the same amount, the pattern is defined as annuity, for example, pension payments, wages, rental and etc.
two basic types of annuities
Ordinary annuity: cash flows received/paid at the end of each period, such as
Mortgage repayments
Wages
Annuity due: cash flows received/paid at the beginning of each period, such as
Lease payments
Rental
ordinary annuity:
Kate is entitled to a retirement income stream which pays her $30,000 per annum for next 20 years. Assume interest rate is 10% per annum and the first payment is in one year. How much is this income stream worth in terms of PV?
Kate’s income stream matches the definition of ordinary annuity (periodic identical amount at the end of each period).
[2ndF] [CA] (clear up memory) 30,000 [PMT] (annuity) 10 [I/Y] (r in %) 20 [N] (# of periods) 0 [FV] (0 future value) [COMP] [PV] (compute PV) Display -255,406.91
= 255,406.91
How to interpret this present value, 255,406.91?
It is equivalent to those 20 annual payments @ 10% interest rate (discount rate).
Kate is indifferent from a) to receive $255,406.91 NOW or b) $30,000 p.a. at year-end for the next 20 years.
It also implies the financial institution promising her the income stream must have at least $255,406.91 under Kata’s name NOW.
If interest rate were 8%, should the financial institution have more or less money under Kata’s name
explain annuity due
The present value of an annuity due is equivalent to the present value of an ordinary annuity compounded one additional period.
The future value of an annuity due is equivalent to compounding by one additional period the future value of an ordinary annuity
FV of annuity due
explain amortization
Amortization
Paying off debt with a fixed repayment schedule in regular instalments over a period of time.
i.e. mortgage repayment
explain a sinking fund
Sinking fund
Establishing a fund/reserve with a fixed payment schedule in regular instalments over a period of time.
i.e. saving plan for retirement; credit enhancement in bond contract (allocate funds to a trust for retiring the bond in the future)
explain a perpertuity
Perpetuity is a special ordinary annuity where the cash flows begins at the end of each period and continues perpetually (aka. to infinity).
Perpetuity has present value, but no future value (infinity).
PV of perpetuity formula can be derived from PV of ordinary annuity.
Sam receives a constant stream of cash flows worth $1,000 each year to infinity with the first payment made in one year. What is the present value of this income stream if the interest rate is 10% p.a.?
First payment is made in one year, PMT = 1,000
pv = pmt / r
pv = 1000/0.10 = 10,000
explaina growing perpertuity
Cash flows grow at a constant speed (rate) and continue perpetually.
CFk+1 = CFk × (1 + g)
Similar to perpetuity, growing perpetuity has no FV.
PV of growing perpetuity
do power point calcs and sem
sienna xx
