Week 3

Question 1

What is external validity?

Answer 1

Applying the conclusions of a study outside of the context of the study

Question 2

what is internal validity?

Answer 2

How well a study measures what it set out to measure

Question 3

what is construct validity?

Answer 3

How well the tool measures the contract it was designed to measure

Question 4

What is treatment variance?

Answer 4

Differences due to what we have done

Question 5

what is confound variance?

Answer 5

Variables that researchers do not account for affecting the results rendering them useless

Question 6

what is error variance?

Answer 6

Differences due to other variables/factors

Question 7

What is the ceiling effect?

Answer 7

when a task is too simple

Question 8

what is the floor effect?

Answer 8

when a task is too hard

Question 9

What are order effects?

Answer 9

When a participant’s behaviour changes due to when a certain condition is completed

Question 10

What are practice effects?

Answer 10

When participants get better at a task each time they do it

Question 11

what are fatigue effects?

Answer 11

when participants get bored or tired during a condition

Question 12

What is counterbalancing?

Answer 12

Getting the participants in each condition to complete the tasks in different orders

Question 13

When is counterbalancing typically used?

Answer 13

during repeated measures designs

Question 14

What is counterbalancing typically used for?

Answer 14

to reduce order effects

Question 15

What us the latin-square design?

Answer 15

The arrangement of conditions so that each condition is only completed once at a time e.g.
A,b,c,d
B,c,d,a etc

Question 16

When is the Latin square design typically used?

Answer 16

when there are a few conditions e.g. 4

Question 17

What is randomisation?

Answer 17

Presents individual trials in a randomised order to eliminate systematic bias

Question 18

What are demand characteristics?

Answer 18

When participants behave in a certain way because they think that’s what the researcher demands from them

Question 19

What are pre-tests?

Answer 19

The observation/condition before intervention

Question 20

What are experimental treatments?

Answer 20

Different interventions or treatments

Question 21

What are post-tests?

Answer 21

The observation or measure after the intervention

Question 22

What are maturation effects?

Answer 22

Participant’s behaviour changes over time

Question 23

What are history effects?

Answer 23

Something changes about participant’s circumstances that influences the variables

Question 24

What are testing effects?

Answer 24

Having tested before May change how participant’s do on the post-tests

Question 25

What is a passive control group?

Answer 25

Participant’s do nothing. They Don’T experience the manipulation from pre or post tests

Question 26

What is an active control group?

Answer 26

Participant’s do something that they can reasonably assume have an effect but the researcher’s assume doesn’t

Question 27

What do we mean by waiting-list?

Answer 27

Participant’s are waiting to take part in the manipulation/experimental research condition and believe that they will be at some point

Question 28

What is attrition?

Answer 28

When participant’s start a study but don’t complete it

Question 29

What is matched design?

Answer 29

A research design that matches participant’s by certain characteristics: Age, gender, occupation etc

Question 30

What is random group assignment?

Answer 30

Using chance procedures to put participant’s In groups randomly giving Them all an equal chance to be assigned to certain groups