Week 3: Academic Writing Flashcards
Verbals
Verbals are words derived from verb forms; however, they function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. They DO NOT function as the main verb in a sentence.
3 categories:
Participles (past and present)
Gerunds
Infinitives
Present participle
verb + ing
ex, This type of verbal functions as an adjective to modify nouns or pronouns.
The smoking gun fell from his hand.
Our patient always uses a walking stick.
Laughing happily, she danced through the streets.
Past participle
verb + ed
ex, The smoked meat sandwiches weren’t very popular.
An encouraged student is likely to succeed.
Filled with rage, Jim slammed the door.
gerunds
-ing but function as the noun
ex, Yelling is all Kanye West ever does these days.
Excessive drinking can be harmful to your health.
Reading all of this terrific writing makes me happy.
Infinitives
“to” form of verb
ex, adverbs.
To run is to be free.
We have the right to laugh at fools.
Bill ate to feel happy.
She wanted to find a new job quickly.
The Transmitter-Receiver Model
in a line model of communication with no feedback from the audience
The communication triangle
There is communication between the presenter, the audience, and topic
What questions should you ask about your audience?
age
education and knowledge on the topic
life experiences
scenario
What should you think about when you determine your purpose?
- intentons (persuade, inform, etc)
what characterizes academic essay writing?
It is formal in tone (no slang or contractions).
It picks a very specific topic and discusses it in depth.
It requires meticulous attention to structure and organization at the level of sentence, paragraph, and overall essay.
It carefully considers its audience, purpose, and context.
It constructs an argument to make a point.
It uses concrete evidence to support any claims.
ethos
Ethos is the aura/image of authority and credibility that a speaker projects
pathos
Pathos is an appeal to the emotions of an audience.
logos
Logos is an appeal to logic
fallacy
A fallacy is an error in logic. As a writer, you should strive to avoid them; as a reader, you should be able to spot them
non-sequitur
The most common fallacy is a non-sequitur, which in Latin means “it does not follow”—an error in logic. Here is an example: “If the grammar lessons were easier, then students would do better on the quizzes.” Logically, if the lessons were easier, students would be inadequately prepared and would actually do worse.
