Week 3: Cells

Question 1

True or false: Cells are highly varied and highly organized structures.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or false: The forms and functions of cells are independent on the genetic expression by each cell type.

Answer 2

False. Cells are dependent on the genetic expression.

Question 3

2 types of cells?

Answer 3

1. Somatic
2. Gametic

Question 4

These cells are also called body cells. They constitute the majority of cells in the body.

Answer 4

Somatic cells

Question 5

Examples of somatic cells?

Answer 5

bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells

Question 6

Number of chromosomes for somatic cells?

Answer 6

46 chromosomes (diploid) because they have 2 copies of the genome

Question 7

Number of chromosomes for gametic cells?

Answer 7

23 chromosomes (haploid) because they only have 1 copy of the genome

Question 8

Examples of gametic cells?

Answer 8

sperm and egg cells

Question 9

Prokaryotes lack _____ as opposed to the cells of the eukaryotes.

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

True or false: Specialized organelles are present in prokaryotic cells.

Answer 10

False. They are only present in eukaryotic cells.

Question 11

Major groups of macromolecules in cells?

Answer 11

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 12

Macromolecule that provides energy.

Answer 12

Carbohydrate

Question 13

In prokaryotes, carbohydrate is found in the?

Answer 13

plasma membrane

Question 14

In eukaryotes, carbohydrate is found in the?

Answer 14

mitochondria

Question 15

Function of lipids?

Answer 15

• form membranes and hormones
• provide insulation
• store energy

Question 16

Functions of proteins in the body?

Answer 16

• important in blood clotting
• nerve transmission
• muscle contraction
• immunity
• serve as catalysts

Question 17

Most important in genetics are the nucleic acids?

Answer 17

DNA and RNA

Question 18

All cells are surrounded by a _________, a covering that defines cell boundary.

Answer 18

plasma membrane

Question 19

It actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Answer 19

plasma membrane

Question 20

They are threads of DNA when the cell is not dividing.

Answer 20

Chromatins

Question 21

The chromatins will condense which allows proteins to enter, producing?

Answer 21

Chromosomes

Question 22

The site of rRNA synthesis within the cell. It is present inside the nucleus.

Answer 22

Nucleolus

Question 23

The site of protein synthesis within the cell, guided by the information contained in the mRNA.

Answer 23

Ribosome

Question 24

These are paired complex structures located in a specialized region called centrosomes. They produce, organize, and assemble spindle fibers for mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 24

Centrioles

Question 25

Most animals have _____ or _____ which provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells.

Answer 25

glycocalyx or cell coat

Question 26

The _____ is a membrane bound structure that houses the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers.

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

Chromatins are _____ and _____ during the nondivisional phases of the cell cycle.

Answer 27

uncoiled and dispersed

Question 28

During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and condense into?

Answer 28

Chromosomes

Question 29

In prokaryotes, the genetic material is compacted into an unenclosed region called the?

Answer 29

nucleoid

Question 30

True or false: The DNA in prokaryotes is not associated with proteins as is the case with eukaryotes.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus, is called as the ________ and includes a variety of organelles.

Answer 31

cytoplasm

Question 32

The ___________ appears smooth in places where it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with ribosomes.

Answer 32

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

The endoplasmic reticulum appears smooth in places where it serves as site for synthesis of _____________, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with _________.

Answer 33

fatty acids and phospholipids; ribosomes

Question 34

The ________ provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food.

Answer 34

mitochondria

Question 35

The energy liberated from food is captured and stored in the bonds present in a molecule called?

Answer 35

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 36

The organization of spindle fibers by the centrioles plays an important role in the __________ during cell division.

Answer 36

movement of chromosomes

Question 37

The _______ is a meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional shape.

Answer 37

cytoskeleton

Question 38

The cytoskeleton includes three major types of elements?

Answer 38

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 39

The cytoskeleton is distinguished by?

Answer 39

- protein type - diameter - how they aggregate into larger structures

Question 40

They are long and hollow and provide many cellular movements.

Answer 40

Microtubules

Question 41

Microtubules are composed of a pair of protein called?

Answer 41

tubulin

Question 42

Microtubules form the ____, which are hair-like structures.

Answer 42

cilia

Question 43

These are long, thin rods composed of many molecules.

Answer 43

Microfilaments

Question 44

Microfilaments are composed of many molecules of the protein _______.

Answer 44

actin

Question 45

Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression. They also help anchor one cell to another.

Answer 45

Microfilaments

Question 46

They have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments.

Answer 46

Intermediate filaments

Question 47

Intermediate filaments are abundant in?

Answer 47

skin and nerve cells

Question 48

In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue.

Answer 48

Intermediate filaments