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ANAT3004 LECTURES > WEEK 3 - CRANIAL NERVES > Flashcards

WEEK 3 - CRANIAL NERVES Flashcards

1
Q

List two main parts of nervous system

A
  • CNS: brain and spinal cord
  • PNS: cranial nerves and spinal cord
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2
Q

AFFERENT nerves carry information where

A

into the cns > somatosensory > AFFERENT : ARRIVE

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3
Q

EFFERENT fibres carry information where

A

out of the CNS > somatic/volunary
EFFERENT: EXIT

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4
Q

in the spinal cord, where do afferent fibres enter via

A

dorsal root

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5
Q

where do afferent fibres have their cell bodies within

A

dorsal root ganglia

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6
Q

where do efferent fibres leave via

A

ventral root

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7
Q

where do efferent fibres have their cell bodies within

A

ventral horn of the spinal cord

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8
Q

where do dorsal and ventral roots emerge from

A

spinal cord and join to become mixed spinal nerve

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9
Q

what does the ANS contain

A
  • parasympathetic
  • sympathetic divisions
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10
Q

what do most organs contain

A

dual sympathetic and parasympathetic supply

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11
Q

what does each division of P. and S. consists of

A
  • pre.ganglionic neuron that synpases onto a post-ganglionic neuron within a peripheral ganglion
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12
Q

sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons leave the spinal cord via

A

thoracic and upper lumbar segments T1-L2

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13
Q

where do synapse on post-ganglionic neurons within ganglia located

A

along sympathetic trunk

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14
Q

what does sympathetic division have

A

short pre-ganglionc neuron and a long post-ganglionic neuron

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15
Q

what does ganglia within the neck region supply

A

head and neck

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16
Q

where does parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons leave brainstem via

A

four of the cranial nerves

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17
Q

where does parasympathetic neurons also leave CNS via

A

sacral spinal cord (s2-s4)w

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18
Q

where do parasympathetic neurons synapse

A

on post-ganglionic neurons close to their target tissue

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19
Q

what does the parasympathetic division have

A
  • long.pre ganglionic neuron and short post-ganglionic neuron
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20
Q

where do pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons arise from

A

lateral horn of the spinal cord and pass out through those ventral roots

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21
Q

where do parasympathetic neurons enter

A

sympathetic trunk via white rami communions

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22
Q

where do postganglionic sympathetic neurons exit via

A

gray ramus communicans

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23
Q

list the THREE sympathetic ganglia in cervical sympathetic trunk in neck

A
  • superior cervical ganglion (most superior)
  • middle cervical ganglion
  • inferior cervical ganglion > cervicothoracic ganglion
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24
Q

what do the TWO LOWER ganglia supplies structures in the neck

A
  • send post.ganglionic fibres which form plexus on cervical blood vessels
    eg: inferior thyroid artery
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25
Q

what does the UPPER ganglion supplies structures in the neck and head

A
  • send branches to adjacent cranial nerves in neck > HITCHHIKERS and gives rise to > PLEXUSES on carotid arteries
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26
Q

what are sympathetic fibres on the arterial plexus are then transmitted

A

cranial nervs

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27
Q

where do cranial nerves leave

A

LEAVE THE BRAINSTEM

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28
Q

Where do cranial nerves I-VI leave the skull via

A

foramina found in either anterior or middle cranial fossa

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29
Q

where does olfactory nerve leave skull via

A

cribiform plate

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30
Q

where does optic nerve leave via

A

optic canal

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31
Q

where does oculomotor nerve leave via

A

superior orbital fissure

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32
Q

where does trochlear nerve leave via

A

superior orbital fissure

33
Q

where does trigeminal nerve leave via

A

terminal branches leave via SOF, foramen rotunum and foramen ovale

34
Q

where does abducens nerve leave via

A

SOF

35
Q

CRANIAL NERVES VII-XII leave skull via foramina found in

A

posterior cranial fossa

36
Q

where does facial nerve leave via

A

internal acoustic meatus

37
Q

where does vestibulocochlear nerve leave via

A

internal acoustic meatus

38
Q

where does glossopharyngeal nerve leave via

A

jugular foramen

39
Q

where does vagus nerve leave via

A

jugular foramen

40
Q

where does accessory nerve leave v ia

A

jugular foramen

41
Q

where does hypoglossal nerve leave via

A

hypoglossal canal

42
Q

what do five cranial nerves contain

A
  • sensory ganglia located either within the skull or just outside skull
43
Q

what are the five cranial nerves which are sensory ganglia

A
  • trigeminal nerve
  • facial nerve
  • vestibulocochlear nerve
  • glossopharyngeal
  • vagus
44
Q

where does the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons leave the brainstem via four cranial nerves

A
  • oculomotor
  • facial
  • glossopharyngeal
  • vagus
45
Q

where does oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus neurons synapse within

A

ganglia

46
Q

trigeminal nerve arises from

A

brainstem (pons) as both sensory and somatic motor nervew

47
Q

where does trigeminal nerve passes into

A

Meckel’s cave
located: between two layers of dura and into trigeminal ganglion (Sensory ganglion)

48
Q

what does trigeminal nerve divide into three divisioins

A
  • ophthalmic artery
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
49
Q

where do divisions of trigeminal pass out of

A

middle cranial fossa via seperate foramina

50
Q

what do branches trigeminal nerve often carry

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic hitch-hikers

51
Q

where does the ophthalmic artery passes through and divides into what

A

passes through: SOF
divides: three terminal branches
- nasociliary (most medial and deep)
- frontal (largest)
- lacrimal (LATERAL)
NFL

52
Q

what is the nasociliary branch also connected to

A

ciliary ganglion
parasympathetic ganglion of oculomotor nerve

53
Q

where does maxillary division of trigeminal nerve passes through

A
  • foramen rotundum into pterygopalatine fossa and then into orbital through inferior orbital fissure
54
Q

what does maxillary division of trigeminal nerve arises as

A
  • sensory nerve and later collects both sympathetic and parasympathetic hitch hikers into PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA
55
Q

Where does the maxillary division of trigeminal nerve passes out of

A

orbital through infraorbital foramen

56
Q

where does the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve pass through

A

foramen ovale to supply muscles of mastication and skin of lower face

57
Q

what does the mandibular division of T.N divides into once it exits the skull

A
  • anterior division: motor
  • posterior division: sensory
58
Q

where does glossopharyngeal nerve passes between

A
  • middle and superior pharyngeal constrictors within stylopharyngeus muscle
59
Q

where does vagus nerve lies in

A

closely associated with internal and common carotids

60
Q

what does vagus nerve gives rise to

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

61
Q

where can spinal accessory nerve be found

A
  • posterior triangle of neck between SCM and trapezius
62
Q

where can hypoglossal nerve be found

A
  • passing deep to intermediate tendon of digastric muscle
63
Q

oculomotor nerve leaving the skull via

A

sof

64
Q

trochlear nerve leaving the skull via

A

sof

65
Q

trigeminal nerve leaving the skull via

A
  • sof, foramen ovale and rotundum
66
Q

abducents leaving the skull via

A

sof

67
Q

facial nerve leaving the skull via

A

internal acoustic meatus

68
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve leaving the skull via

A

jugular foramen

69
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve leaving the skul via

A

internal acoustic meatus

70
Q

vagus nerve leavig the skull leave via

A

jugular foramen

71
Q

accessory nerve leaving the skull via

A

jugular foramen

72
Q

hypoglossal nerve leaving the skull via

A

hypoglossal canal

73
Q

trigeminal nerve ganglion

A

trigeminal ganglion

74
Q

facial nerve ganglion

A

geniculate ganglion

75
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve ganglion

A

spiral and vestibule

76
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve ganglion

A

superior and inferior ganglion

77
Q

vagus nerve ganglion

A

superior jugular and inferior nodose ganglion

78
Q

where does trigeminal nerve pass through

A

meckels cave

79
Q
A

ANAT3004 LECTURES (12 decks)

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