WEEK 3: INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
What is CMM?
The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a globally-recognized
set of best practices that enable organizations to improve performance, key capabilities, and critical business processes.
Distinguish between levels of CMM.
- Level 1 - initial
- Level 2 - Managed
- Level 3 - Defined
- Level 4 - Quantitatively managed
- Level 5 – Optimizing
What is SDLC?
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of
determining how an information system (IS) can support business needs,
designing the system, building it, and delivering it to users.
What are the phases of SDLC? Describe each phase and its
tasks.
- *1. Planning phase**
- Analyze feasibility
- Develop workplan
- Staff project
- Control and direct
- *2. Analysis phase**
- Develop analysis strategy
- Determine business requirements analysis
- Create use cases
- Model processes and data
- *3. Design phase**
- Design physical system
- Design architecture
- Design interface
- Design program
- Design databases and files
- *4. Implementation & support & maintenance phase**
- Construct system
- Install system
- Maintain system
- Post-implementation
- Fact finding
- Documentation and presentation
- Feasibility analysis
- Project and process management
What is system development methodology? What are its
advantages and disadvantages?
A methodology is a formalized approach to implementing the SDLC.
Advantages:
- requirements are identified long before programming begins,
- requirement changes are limited as the project progresses.
Disadvantages:
- the design must be completely specified before programming begins
- testing may be treated almost as an afterthought in the implementation phase
What are the principles underlying systems development?
- Get the owners and users to participate in systems development
- Use a problem-solving approach
- Establish phases and activities
- Document throughout development
- Establish standards to ensure system integration involving
o Database technology
o Software technology
o Interface technology
- Manage the process and projects
o Process management
o Project management
- Justify information system as capital investments
- Don’t be afraid to cancel or revise scope
o Creeping commitment approach to systems development
- Divide and conquer
- Design systems for growth and change
Where do system development projects come from?
A project is identified when someone in the organization identifies a
business need to build a system.
Which activities overlap much of the SDLC (cross lifecycle
activities)?
- Fact finding Documentation
- Presentation Feasibility analysis
- Project management
- What are some types of SD methodologies and their advantages and disadvantages?
Waterfall Model:
waterfall model happens to clarify the process into a linear flow with a specified sequence to let the users understand that further level is made progressive on completion of the previous one.
Pros:
- Easy to understand and functional
- Saves significant amount of time
Cons:
- Only matches precise needs
- No option to know possible outcome of a project
Rapid application development
Rapid application development (RAD) is a condensed development process that produces a high-quality system with low investment costs.
Pros:
Rapid application development is most effective for projects with a well-defined business objective and a clearly defined user group, but which are not computationally complex. RAD is especially useful for small to medium projects that are time sensitive.
Cons: Rapid application development requires a stable team composition with highly skilled developers and users who are deeply knowledgeable about the application area. Deep knowledge is essential in a condensed development timeline that requires approval after each construction phase. Organizations that don’t meet these requirements are unlikely to benefit from RAD.
Agile Software Development Methodology: is used for articulating a well-organized project management procedure allowing for recurrent alterations.
Pros:
- Adaptive approach that responds to changes favorably
- Allows for direct communication to maintain transparency
Cons:
- Focuses on working with software and lacks documentation efficiency
- Chances of getting off-track as outcome are not clear
What are the reasons to purchase systems development methodologies?
System development methodologies are promoted as a means of improving the management and control of the software development process, structuring and simplifying the process, and standardizing the development process and product by specifying activities to be done and techniques to be used. It is often tacitly assumed that the use of a system development methodology will improve system development productivity and quality.
