week 3 lecture Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is free will v determinism
free will ability to make choices unconstrained
determinisim=all behaviour had specific cause
implications, no one can predict the future people can be held responsible for their actions
elaborate on free will
-no thoughts associated on completing the task
experiment with free will
-brain already begins onset of response causing your decision to act
what is sapirwhorf?
if images shift toward perception this will effect everyday thinking
define a priori
-fundamental reasoning
-self evident truths
define a posteriori
-using past experience as means to solve problem
a debate on a priori and a posteriori
- cannot both exist and not exist at the same time
-for example you cannot be alive and dead at the same time
-abortion debate and euthanasia - is there a paradox
-priori thinking can move the logical to the absurd, we need logic and deductive reasoning
what is a fundamental traits of being human?
the original sin
-based on the original sin
(in individualist cultures, each human is evil and needs to be punished)
(in collectivist cultures if you commit wrong is willl bear down on future generation
define noble savage
- Rousseau believed humans are born good and respond to surrounding
define tabula rasa
developed by John Locke
- blank slate and will depend on what they learn throughout their life
how does this affect parenting?
original sin= impose strict guidelines ->will see children as selfish and aggressive
->punish all transgressions
noble savage=provide opportunities to be good->blame society for diverting individuals->ignore children’s misbehaviour and blame society
tabula rasa= each the child to distinguish right from wrong->neither good nor bad, misbehave is failure o learn->reward good,, punish bad
define these parenting types
autocratice pareting styel=-orinignal sin
->freudian psycho-analysis
laissez-fair parenting style=noble savag->rogerian humanistic approach
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authoritarian parenting style=tabula rasa
->skinners learning theory
define thought experiment
-used in psychology of philosophy-> thinking through theory principles ->purpose of thinking through consequences
- unable to do an experiment in real life
define free will
-choices independent of any other factors, of learning of physiology
->implications on psychology=limit explanations to the past, no role for assessments, therapies
psychotherapist will indicate freechoice->good person=good choices,
->example no one has been able to make perfect predictions of even simple behaviour
define determinism
-all behaviour is predetermined
-knowable and predictable
implications on psychology=
predict future trends via assessments, improve quality of life via psychotherapy
-predertmined across time judgement changed based on experience
this allows us to predict the future more accurately
two approaches of nature vs nature psychology
- studies of heredity
-studies of newborn abilities
define logic behind twin studies
-nativist finding in twin studies will note that twin raised together or separated, therefore irrespective of environment should be similar
however fraternal twins will only be 50% the same
how do empiticitst see twin studies?
-irrespetice of their genetic relationship the twins will be a product of their upbringing,
what is the truth of the twin studies?
-supports the notion that intelligence has a large inherited[nature] component
the more genetic relatedness higher correlation - perpetuated by connected in the same family
empiricism view:
- no cultural differences in infant measures of intelligence
-no IQ difference at the beginning of school
-degree of racial ancestry does not predict IQ scores
new borns studies
- basic abilities at brith
-reflex behaviours
non reflect behaviours [turn head in direction of the sound]
-babies have depth perception at 6 months old [infants also can perceive depth also]
bower cube experiment;
->depth perception present as an infant[2 moths old]
-> depth perception[1 month]
->does habituate therefore can perceive depth
->studies also conclude that at 2 weeks old babies have depth perception
what is the relationship between mind and brain?
- there is one fundamental reality->mind and brain-monism
-there are two fundamental realities ->dualisms
-there are many fundamental realties -> pluralism
define Monism
- reality is knowable through brain activity[materialism]. eg biological psychology
- mind is reality - mental processes are the foundation of all knowledge, eg biological psych is just a product [idealism]
mind and body are part of the same reality and there are two languages describing this [double ascpect monism]
Define Dualism
-two realities, there is a mind and a body and they influence each other
schachter and singers theory
- emotion is need to experience both physiological arousal [body]and cognitive interpretation[mind] called the two factor theory
in clinical psychology to treat anxiety you would used desensitisation therapy
explain problems with dualism
if when sleeping then why does our mind go to sleep too?
eg the lack on conscious control over certain things presents an issue. we should be thinking about everything we do, but we don’t.
eg knowledge and perception can’t always override with physiology.
