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Biological Psychology > Week 3: Neuroanatomy 1 > Flashcards

Week 3: Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

dorsal

A

the top and back part

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2
Q

ventral

A

front surface part

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3
Q

anterior

A

the front end

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4
Q

posterior

A

the tail end or back end

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5
Q

superior

A

above

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6
Q

inferior

A

below

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7
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

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8
Q

medial

A

toward the middle

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9
Q

Forebrain

A

Telencephalon includes the cerebum, this has the cerebral hemispheres whose outer layers are called the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

telencephalon also includes

A

limbic part and basal ganglia which are called as subcortical regions. it refers to deeper parts

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11
Q

Forebrain: cortex

A

sulcus, gyrus, fissures/ these structures help the cerebral cortex to cover smaller area so practically reducing the surface area

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12
Q

sulcus (sulci)

A

reffering to the small grooves here

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13
Q

gyrus (gyri)

A

referring to larger grooves

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14
Q

fissures

A

are the bulges

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15
Q

When we refer to the brain lobes we are actually talking about

A

cerebral cortex lobes: frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal lobes.

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16
Q

there are primary areas for sensory information in cerebral cortex lobes

A

primary somatosensory cortex is upper in the brain

primary visual cortex is in occipital lobe and back in the brain

primary auditory association cortex is in the middle in the brain

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17
Q

There are also insular cortex

A

responsible for recieving information about taste

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18
Q

primary motor cortex (near to somatosensory)

A

revieving motor information

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19
Q

thanks to corpus callosum

A

there is a good communication btw right and left side of hemispheres

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20
Q

Left hemisphere

A

is dealing with more analytical stuff and serial events. Language abilities are quite related to this hemisphere

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21
Q

Right hemisphere

A

getting the meaning from its pieces

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22
Q

limbic system vs limbic cortex

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A

Be careful here that the limbic system is referring to a more general concept whereas the limbic cortex is actually the cortex part of it. limbic system is responsible for emotions amygdala and hippocampus: emotions memory learning and motivation

23
Q

basal ganglia

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A

this baby fish like structure responsible for control of movement (parkinson’s disease)

24
Q

the second part of the forebrain was

25
diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus are two important parts
26
hypothalamus
controlling autonomic nervous system as well as conducting our hormonal system (APA axis and stress response)
27
Thalamus
is a kind of trasfer center of the messages: communication btw lower and upper parts of the nervous system
28
cerebrum
the largest part has to hemispheres
29
cortex
is the outer layer animals have smoother cortex
30
cerebrum cortex 4 lobes
frontal temporal parietal occipital
31
frontal
personality and emotions mid 20. higher thinking skills controlling movement
32
temporal
hearing and other senses language and reading
33
parietal
senses attention and language
34
occipital
seeing including recognition of shapes and colors
35
thalamus
in the center, relays sensory and motor information to cortex, consciousness, sleep and alertness (12 pairs of crenial nerves: brain and body communication)
36
cerebellum
lower brain motor control coordination, spatial navigation
37
brain stem
connects the brain to the spinal cord revieving info
38
pons
breathing
39
medulla oblongata
regulates heart beat vomiting coughing sneezing swallowing
40
limbic system
under the cortex processing emotions reward circuit (dopamine). repeat human behavior eating having fun but also addictions
41
amygdala
processing emotions
42
hippocampus
managing memories
43
rapid nerve impulses vs secreting hormones via special glands
hypothalamus: waking up in the morning, the adrenaline flowing when needed pituitary gland: the master gland growth body temperature, pregnancy and child birth pineal gland sleep and circadian rhythms (biological clock)
44
most of cortex is called
neocortex, have 6 layers differ in cell type and density others are allocortex and mesocortex
45
cortex divided into 3 areas
sensory motor association
46
motor
primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor cortex
46
sensory
primary somatosensory cortex primary visual cortex primary audiotory cortex
47
association
integrations different regions
48
Injury to frontal lobe
Trauma, Stroke, Infection, Brain Tumors, Dementia Degenerative brain diseases/changes in behavior an inability to problem solve Broca's area (frontal lobe) expressive aphasia (understands but not express themselves)
49
Injury to Parietal lobe
trauma or stroke attention defficits, contralateral hemispatial neglect syndrome(right parietal lobe injured losing control over left side), controlateral homynimous hemianophia (right injury left visual field loss), Gertssman' syndrome (left parietal lobe injury right left confusion and difficulty in writing (agraphia) acalculia (math problems) aphasia (language) Agnosia (percieve objects normally)
50
Injury to temporal lobe
most common cause cerebrovascular event (stroke) agnosia (recognition defficits) prosopagnesia (failure to recognize faces) wernickie's aphasia (speaks fluently but meaningless)
51
Injury to occipital lobe
trauma, neoplastic lesion, infections and stroke contralateral homonymous heminophia (lost of vision)
52
Injury to limbic lobe
epilepsy dementia changes in mood personality or impulse control psychiatric disorders disorders of the endocrine system aphasia

Biological Psychology (6 decks)

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