Week 3: Neuroscience

Question 1

What is the smallest building blocks?

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

3 types of neurons

Answer 2

1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Interneurons

Question 3

3 parts of a neuron

Answer 3

dendrite, cell body, and axon

Question 4

A gap between 2 neurons is called what?

Answer 4

a synapse

Question 5

What are the jobs of the 3 parts of the neurons?

Answer 5

dendrites: receives info from other neurons
cell body: processes info
axon: sends info to other neurons

Question 6

What is the first step of neural communication?

Answer 6

A message opens the gates and ions w/ positive charges enter

Question 7

“firing” is what?

Answer 7

when the positive charges fire through the axon

Question 8

What do terminal buttons release?

Answer 8

neurotransmitters

Question 9

Neurotransmitters crosses synapses into what?

Answer 9

a second neuron

Question 10

Neurotransmitters decides if it fires or not how fast?

Answer 10

milliseconds

Question 11

What carries excitatory or inhibitory messages?

Answer 11

neurotransmitters

Question 12

Neurons combine and calculate messages for an outcome where?

Answer 12

the cell body

Question 13

What are the 3 ways extra neurotransmitters are disposed of? what do they do?

Answer 13

1. Auto receptors- detects when enough neurotransmitters are released
2. Reuptake- neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by presynaptic terminal buttons
3. Enzyme deactivation- enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters

Question 14

Communication in neurons is what, while communications between neurons are what?

Answer 14

electrical; chemical

Question 15

True or False: The brain uses an electrochemical system.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Electrical systems are good at what, while chemical systems are good at what?

Answer 16

transmitting simple info quickly; disseminating complex info

Question 17

What are the 2 main branches of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 17

autonomic and somatic

Question 18

The autonomic system has what 2 divisions?

Answer 18

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 19

Which system regulates organs and glands involuntarily?

Answer 19

autonomic

Question 20

What system activates the body for action while what system prepares the body for rest?

Answer 20

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Question 21

The somatic system does what?

Answer 21

Transmits sensory info from organ to brain and motor commands from brain to muscles

Question 22

What are the different types of neurons?

Answer 22

1.Mechanoreceptors- feels pressure on skin
2. Proprioceptors- position of body/muscles
3. Thermoreceptors- external temperature
4. Nociceptors- senses pain

Question 23

What system is the body’s hormone system?

Answer 23

endocrine system

Question 24

The pituitary gland is in what system?

Answer 24

endocrine system

Question 25

The master gland is also known as what?

Answer 25

the pituitary gland

Question 26

What controls the pituitary gland?

Answer 26

the hypothalamus

Question 27

True or False: Hormones are faster and more reaching.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What are some examples of what the endocrine system regulates?

Answer 28

sex, eating, sleeping, aggression, socializing, and parenting

Question 29

The brain evolved from bottom and what?

Answer 29

inside out

Question 30

What areas of the brain control the more complex functions?

Answer 30

higher and outer

Question 31

What are the 3 principles of brain function?

Answer 31

1. hierarchical organization 2. Localization of function 3. distributed processing

Question 32

What are the 3 parts of the brain?

Answer 32

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Question 33

Which part of the brain controls basic life functions?

Answer 33

hindbrain

Question 34

The hindbrain has what 3 anatomical structures?

Answer 34

Medulla, cerebellum, and pons

Question 35

Motor skill is controlled by what in the hindbrain?

Answer 35

cerebellum

Question 36

heart rate, circulation, and respiration are controlled by what?

Answer 36

medulla

Question 37

Pons relays information from the cerebellum to the forebrain to regulate what?

Answer 37

sleeping and dreaming

Question 38

Motivation and reward are associated with which part of the brain?

Answer 38

Midbrain

Question 39

what are the 2 parts of the midbrain?

Answer 39

tectum and tegmentum

Question 40

True or False: The Tectum orients a person to their environment.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or False: The midbrain controls the complex and emotional function of the brain.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

What is also known as the sensory switchboard of the forebrain?

Answer 42

thalamus

Question 43

what is the only sense that has a direct connection to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 43

smell

Question 44

Who sends sensory information to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 44

thalamus

Question 45

the limbic system is involved in what functions?

Answer 45

motivation, emotion, learning, and memory

Question 46

The hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala are in what system?

Answer 46

limbic system

Question 47

What are the 4 F's the hypothalamus is in charge of?

Answer 47

fighting, fleeing, feeding, and mating

Question 48

Emotions are involved in what part of the limbic system?

Answer 48

amyglada

Question 49

Short term memories to long term memories are involved in what part of the limbic system?

Answer 49

hippocampus

Question 50

What is the term for when each hemisphere in the cerebral cortex controls the opposite side of the body?

Answer 50

contralateral control

Question 51

What connects both hemispheres?

Answer 51

corpus callosum

Question 52

How many lobes are in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 52

4

Question 53

Which lobe processes the visual information?

Answer 53

occipital lobe

Question 54

Which lobe processes touch and movement?

Answer 54

parietal lobe

Question 55

Which lobe processes abstract thinking, planning, and judgement?

Answer 55

frontal lobe

Question 56

the orbitofrontal cortex deals with what?

Answer 56

personality and emotion

Question 57

Which lobe processes sounds, object, and facial recognition?

Answer 57

Temporal lobe

Question 58

True or False: Boccas area deals with language comprehension.

Answer 58

False; language production

Question 59

Damage to the temporal lobe can lead to what?

Answer 59

object agnosia

Question 60

True or False: Wernicke's area deals with language comprehension

Answer 60

true