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PIMS Embalming II > Week 3 Postmortem Discolorations > Flashcards

Week 3 Postmortem Discolorations Flashcards

1
Q

any abnormal color in or upon the human body

A

discoloration

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2
Q

discolorations tend to improve after death (T/F)

A

false (worsen)

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3
Q

discolorations can be localized or generalized (T/F)

A

true

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4
Q

skin color in general is determined by ____, ____, and ____, all of which go through changes postmortem

A

hemoglobin
melanin
carotene

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5
Q

the paleness of skin after death

A

death pallor

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6
Q

most deceased bodies have some level of discoloration present (T/F)

A

true

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7
Q

discolorations which appear before death

A

antemortem

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8
Q

discolorations which appear after death

A

postmortem

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9
Q

classification of discolorations by cause (6)

A

-blood discolorations
-drug and therapeutic discolorations
-pathological discolorations
-surface discoloring agent discolorations
-reactions to embalming chemicals
-decomposition changes

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10
Q

blood discolorations within the blood vascular system

A

intravascular

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11
Q

blood discolorations outside the blood vascular system

A

extravascular

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12
Q

condition resulting from changes in blood
composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extravascularly

A

blood discoloration

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13
Q

____ blood discolorations become ____ after time delays

A

intravascular
extravascular

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14
Q

hypostasis of blood causes a ____

A

blue–black discoloration

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15
Q

carbon monoxide poisoning causes a ____

A

cherry red discoloration

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16
Q

capillary congestion causes a ____

A

reddish discoloration

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17
Q

bruising discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood into the extravascular tissues

A

ecchymosis

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18
Q

antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages on the skin

A

petechia

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19
Q

medium sized hemorrhage marks under the skin

A

purpura

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20
Q

tumor–like swelling of blood

A

hematoma

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21
Q

intravascular discoloration caused by the gravitation of blood into the dependent capillaries

A

livor mortis

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22
Q

extravascular discoloration that occurs when heme seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues

A

postmortem stain

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23
Q

postmortem extravascular blood discoloration caused by the rupture of minute vessels as blood settles into the dependent areas of the body

A

Tardieu stains

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24
Q

____ tend to respond well to pre–injection fluids, continuous & concurrent drainage, and mild, hypotonic solutions

A

intravascular discolorations

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25
Q

____ can be lightened by strong arterial injection but often also require hypodermic and/or surface embalming

A

extravascular discolorations

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26
Q

you may inject tissues around the eyes with ____ before arterial injection to treat periorbital ecchymosis

A

a phenol cautery chemical

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27
Q

antemortem discoloration as a result of pharmaceutical agents or chemotherapeutic agents

A

pharmaceutical discoloration

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28
Q

____ is a common pharmaceutical-related discoloration

A

jaundice

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29
Q

____ discoloration causes include gangrene, jaundice, leukemia, and meningitis

A

pathological

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30
Q

bright red to black necrotic tissue resulting from inadequate venous drainage accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria

A

moist (wet) gangrene

31
Q

dull red to black necrosis resulting from localized deprivation of arterial blood supply

A

dry gangrene (ischemic necrosis)

32
Q

condition characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with a resulting yellow appearance

A

jaundice

33
Q

during embalming, yellow discoloration from jaundice may shift to ____

A

an intense green color

34
Q

preservation always takes precedence over clearing discoloration (T/F)

A

true

35
Q

discoloration due to ____ can be treated with pre-injection to clear the vascular system, relieving ascites prior to arterial injection, restricted cervical injection, higher index fluid, active dyes to counterstain, and/or specialty fluids (especially the face)

A

jaundice

36
Q

alternatives to treat jaundice discoloration (4)

A

-mild arterial solution with dye
-non–formaldehyde fluid
-bleaching co–injection solutions
-cavity fluid

37
Q

all embalming machines are compatible with phenol (T/F)

A

false (many are not)

38
Q

adrenal gland disorder resulting in a bronze discoloration or white patches on the skin in life and potential darkening of the skin or white patches on the skin after death

A

Addison’s disease

39
Q

cancer of the blood which can cause skin hemorrhages

A

leukemia

40
Q

contagious bacterial or viral infection causing inflammation of the meninges which can cause red to purple petechial hemorrhaging or purpura

A

meningitis

41
Q

areas with unregulated cell growth (tumors) can cause local, varied discolorations (T/F)

A

true

42
Q

autoimmune disorder which can cause a “butterfly rash” on the nose and cheeks

A

lupus erythematosus

43
Q

all discolorations need to be cleared (T/F)

A

false (not all, discuss with family)

44
Q

antemortem or postmortem discoloration due to the deposit of matter on the skin surface

A

surface discoloration

45
Q

most surface discolorations can be easily removed with soap and water (T/F)

A

true

46
Q

surface discolorations should be removed by mechanical or chemical methods after arterial embalming (T/F)

A

false (before arterial embalming)

47
Q

____ discolorations may be yellow, green, blue-black, or black

A

decomposition-related

48
Q

one of the first signs of decomp is usually a green discoloration in the ____

A

right inguinal region of the abdomen

49
Q

____ presents as marbling with discolorations from red to black

A

decomposition/breakdown of the vascular system

50
Q

decomposition discolorations can occur from activity of ____

A

bacterial and autolytic enzymes

51
Q

most decomposition discolorations do not worsen with time (T/F)

A

false (most are progressive and worsen as decomposition continues)

52
Q

treatment of decomposition discolorations can include (3)

A

-external chemical compresses
-hypodermic injection
-high index cavity fluid

53
Q

dehydration spots are usually soft and smooth (T/F)

A

false (usually hard and rough)

54
Q

yellow, brown, or black discolorations which may be caused internally or externally

A

dehydration marks

55
Q

dehydration marks cannot be bleached and will get progressively darker, but these things can help (5)

A

-massage cream
-cosmetics
-tissue builder
-humectants
-intermittent drainage

56
Q

because ____ plays a role in the chemical reaction which turns jaundice from yellow to green, coating the tissues with massage cream can help to an extent

A

oxygen

57
Q

____ is the result of inadequate drainage

A

embalmer’s gray (formaldehyde gray)

58
Q

blueish discoloration resulting from improper drainage, usually in just one area of the body

A

flushing

59
Q

you should wait to shave until after embalming whenever possible to prevent razor burn (T/F)

A

false (shave before embalming if possible)

60
Q

____ is rare but can occur if sufficient pressure to the capillaries occurs

A

postmortem bruising

61
Q

treat postmortem bruising with (3)

A

-restricted cervical injection
-relatively high index and low pressure injection
-surface compress treated with chemical

62
Q

rash–like discoloration occurring when a large volume of formaldehyde leaks out of the capillaries and circulates through the skin

A

formaldehyde burn

63
Q

____ is usually the best treatment option for formaldehyde burn

A

cosmetic

64
Q

abnormal change involving any tissue or organ due to disease or injury

A

lesion

65
Q

subcategories of skin lesion (4)

A

unbroken skin
scaling skin
broken skin
pustular / ulcerative lesions

66
Q

allergic reactions, inflammation, trauma,
and tumors are examples of ____

A

unbroken skin lesions

67
Q

unbroken skin lesions can be treated with (3)

A

strong arterial solution
surface compress
phenol injection

68
Q

remove as much loose skin as possible in the case of scaling skin lesions (T/F)

A

true

69
Q

subcategories of broken skin lesions (3)

A

abrasions
blisters
skin slip (desquamation)

70
Q

antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis

A

abrasion

71
Q

elevation of the epidermis containing watery liquid

A

blister

72
Q

you should not pop blisters on the skin (T/F)

A

false (drain, cauterize, remove any loose skin, dry lesion)

73
Q

separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of putrefaction

A

skin slip (desqamation)

74
Q

treatment after removing loose skin of desquamation

A

apply surface compress with cavity fluid
or phenol

PIMS Embalming II (3 decks)

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