Week 3 PP

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats into small soluble substances to be absorbed into the blood

Question 2

What is the role of the digestive system?

Answer 2

To provide the body with nutrients, water, and electrolyles necessary for life

• functions unvoluntary

Question 3

How does the absorption of nutrients take place?

Answer 3

Takes place by diffusion through the wall of the small intestine which is a part of the gastrointinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine

Question 4

Where is digested food absorbed?

Answer 4

the small intestine is the region where digested food is absorbed

Question 5

What is metabolism?

Answer 5

The process by which your body converts what you eat and rink into energy

the “use of nutrients”

Question 6

How does the body use nutrients?

Answer 6

1. As an energy source
2. As a building block for making complex chemical compounds

Question 7

What is Anabolism?

Answer 7

the synthesis of complex molecules in
living organisms from simpler ones together with
the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.

Question 8

What is catabolism?

Answer 8

is what happens when you digest food and the molecules break down in the body for use as energy. Large, complex molecules in the
body are broken down into smaller, simple ones.

Question 9

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 9

is the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent
elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

Question 10

***Digestion can also be referred to as??

Answer 10

A form of catabolism that can be divided into two processes based on how food is broken down

Question 11

What is Mechanical Digestion?

Answer 11

Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of large
pieces of food into smaller pieces which can be accessed
by digestive enzymes

Question 12

What is Chemical Digestion?

Answer 12

Chemical Digestion is where
Enzymes break down food
particles into the small
molecules that the body can
absorb.

Question 13

The major structures of the digestive system are:

Answer 13

◦ Mouth
◦ Pharynx
◦ Esophagus
◦ Stomach
◦ Small intestine
◦ Large intestine
◦ Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 14

What are the 5 actions of the digestive system?

Answer 14

• Ingestion
• Digestion
• Movement
• Absorption
• Elimination

Question 15

What are the End Products of Digestions?

Answer 15

Carbs, Protein, & Fats - energy (monosaccharides), amino acids (building blocks) and fatty acids (move oxygen in blood stream)

Vitamins & Minerals * used, stored or excreted depending on solubility and need

Water - absorbed as needed and excesses are excreted body

Question 16

Where does CHO digestion begin?

Answer 16

In your mouth

Question 17

Where does Protein digestion begin?

Answer 17

in the stomach

Question 18

Where does Fat digestion begin?

Answer 18

In the intestines

Question 19

Absorption of nutrients?

Answer 19

The simple molecules that
result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries.

Question 20

Protective Function of Saliva

Answer 20

1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Antibacterial and Antifungal
4. Reduce the Risk to Decay

Question 21

What is the physical protection function of saliva?

Answer 21

Involves a cleansing effect - thick, or viscous saliva is less effective in clearing CHO

Question 22

Chemical protection of Saliva

Answer 22

contains calcium, phosphate, and fluoride

1. Keeps calcium to be used during remineralization
2. Chemical protection includes buffers, bicarbonate, phosphate, and small proteins that neutralize the acids after we ingest fermentable carbohydrates

Question 23

If salivary function is reduced?

Answer 23

The teeth are at increased risk for decay

Question 24

When does calcification of teeth begin in utero?

Answer 24

Calcification of teeth begins at 3-4 months

Question 25

What is important to fetal tooth development?

Answer 25

Calcium & phosphorus

Question 26

In pregnancy, tooth formation begins at...

Answer 26

6 weeks gestation

Question 27

If a pregnant mother is deficient in calcium...

Answer 27

it is drawn from her bones (not teeth)

Question 28

Suggested servings per day for pregnant mothers?

Answer 28

increasing 2-3 servings/day to meet additional needs for calories, protein, vitamins and minerals

Question 29

What is Enamel Hypoplasia typically caused by?

Answer 29

Malnutrtion, illness, infection or fever during tooth formation

Question 30

What can cause pregnant women's teeth to "go downhill"?

Answer 30

-morning sickness -frequent snacking

Question 31

How can hormonal changes affect the oral cavity?

Answer 31

-Gingivitis -Periodontitis -Caries -Pyogenic Granuloma (pregnancy tumor)

Question 32

Essential Nutrients for Pregnant Women..

Answer 32

-Calcium -Iron -Folic Acid -Vitamin D -EFA Essential Fatty Acids

Question 33

To neutralize acid...

Answer 33

1 tsp baking soda, cup of water

Question 34

**What is the critical window age??

Answer 34

It is well recognized that the period from birth to two yeras of age is the "critical window" for the promotion of good growth, health, and behavioral development. Therefore, optimal infant and young child feeding is crucial during this period.

Question 35

**When is breastfeeding recommended?

Answer 35

Health Canada and the World Health Organization recommend exclusive breast feeding for 0-6 months supplemented by solid food for up to 2 years and beyond

Question 36

What if nursing isnt an option?

Answer 36

Iron fortified formula until 6 months of age if nursing isn’t an option a. Vit. D supplement for breastfed infants b. No supplements needed with infant formulas * Frequent feeds needed to accommodate for small stomach capacity, short intestinal tract

Question 37

When are solid foods introduced?

Answer 37

6 months - 1 year * This is an important question for new parents. Many medical professionals still advise introducing baby's first foods anywhere from 4 to 6 months. * However, this is a subject that has been extensively researched and the current recommendation from the World Health Organization (WHO) is that: ** No solid foods are introduced to baby for the first 6 months. **

Question 38

What can happen if food is introduced too early to children?

Answer 38

Possibly cause allergies

Question 39

End Products of Digestion are..

Answer 39

-water -carbohydrates/proteins/fats -vitamins & minerals

Question 40

End Products for Macronutrients are:

Answer 40

Carbohydrates: Glucose, galactose, and fructose (NOT glycogen) Fats: fatty acids & glycerol Protein: amino acids by a process of of hydrolysis (addition of water)

Question 41

What is Mechanical Digestion?

Answer 41

Begins in your mouth with chewing, the chewing creates a bolus. Then moving down the esophagus with peristalsis, then churning in the stomache and segmentation in the small intestine.

Question 42

What is Peristalsis?

Answer 42

This refers to involuntary contractions and relaxations of the muscles of your esophagus, stomach, and intestines to break down food and move it through your digestive system.

Question 43

How does Mechanical & Chemical Digestion work together?

Answer 43

Once food particles reach your small intestine, the intestines continue to move. This helps keep food particles moving and exposes more of them to digestive enzymes. These movements also help to move the digested food toward the large intestine for excretion.

Question 44

What is Chemical Digestion?

Answer 44

Involves the secretions of enzymes throughout your digestive tract. These enzymes break the chemical bonds that hold food particles together. This allows food to be broken down into small, digestible parts.

Question 45

What happens to complex molecules during Chemical Digestions?

Answer 45

The complex molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are transformed by chemical digestion into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells.

Question 46

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 46

Chemical digestion, through a process called hydrolysis, uses water and digestive enzymes to break down complex molecules. Digestive enzymes speed up the hydrolysis process, which is otherwise very slow.