Week 3 - The Self Flashcards
(20 cards)
Define Self Esteem (Coopersmith, 1967)
Personal judgement of worthiness.
Self concept - what we know about ourselves
Self esteem - What we feel about ourselves
What happens to an athlete w poor self-esteem?
rely on how they are doing in the present to determine how they feel about themselves.
Success doesnt heighten SE - sustains them
Attribute negative events internally and are less resilient and less consistent.
Failure has a more significant impact on future performances
What happens to atheltes with high self-esteem?
Future performances less affected by failure.
Maintain positive self worth regardless of performance. Perform more consistently at high level.
They accept and value themselves as worthy and worthwhile w out conditions or reservations.
They can cope w failure.
Effect of positive and Negative Self-Esteem?
High - Independence, leadership, adaptability, resilience to stress (Wylie, 1989)
Low - Anxiety, depression, phobias (baumeister, 1993)
Define Self-Confidence
A belief about our ability to be successful
The belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport (vealey,1986)
Trait SC vs State SC
Trait - How confident you are in your abilities in general. Consistent/stable.
State - How confident you feel rn. Temporary/unstable.
Summarise SC
Multidimensional - several aspects
Confidence about ones ability to:
Execute physical skills
Use psychological skills
Use perceptual skills
Learn and improve skills (e.g decision making)
Learn and improve skills (regarding potential and ability)
Confidence in ones level of physical fitness and training status.
(Vealey and knight, 2002)
What are the benefits of SC
characterised by high expectancy of success
can influence affect, behaviour and cognition (abcs of sport psych)
Arouses positive affect
Facilitates conc
Affects goals
Inc effort
Affects games strategies
Affects psychological momentum
Affcets performance
What is Optimal SC?
being so convinced that you can achieve your goals you will strive hard to do so
Confidence will not overcome incompetence
Each person has an optimal level of SC. Performance problems arise w too little/too much confidence
What does lack of confidence bring?
Less effective thinkers
More negative attitude
tendency to give up more easily
avoid more challenging situations and oppurtunities.
more focused on the outcome and consequences
why do confident athletes maximise performance?
more effective thinkers
positive attitude
persistence in the face of failure
welcome oppurtunities and challenges
focus on mastery of the task
What is overconfidence?
When confidence outweighs abilities
inflated confidence
believe they are better than they really are
overestimate ability
dont adequatley prepare
False confidence - confident outside
inside - fear failure and are diffident
pretend to be brash cocky and arrogant.
prepare hard but lack competence to be successfull
How do you deal with overconfidence?
Take games/competition seriously
Respect opponents and dont underestimate their ability
Hard work, effort, skill, determination and confidence are needed for every game/competition
What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
Prediction that sets in motion a series of events that ultimatley causes the original prediction to becone true. can be positive or negative.
How do you build SC?
Performance accomplishments
Retrospections
Acting confident
Thinking confidently
Using imagery
Goal-setting
Preparation
What is Self-Efficacy?
Perception of ones ability to perform a task successfully in a specific situation.
Self-Confidence vs Self Efficacy
SC global general
Self Eff is situation specific
Summarise Self Eff
Behaviour is better predicted by beliefs of ones abilities rather than actual capabilities
What people think believe and feel effects how they behave (bandura, 1997)
Peoples level of motivation, affective states, and actions are based more on what they believe than what is objectively true. (bandura 1997)
Determines what people do with the knowledge and skills they have, sometimes peoples behaviours are disjointed from actual capabilities.
What is Self Eff Theory?
Assumption: the primary mediator of behaviour/behaviour change is self eff
Adoption and persistence in behaviours are determined by;
1. the ecpectations about ones skills and capabilities to engage successfully in the specific target behaviour in particular situations ( SE expectancy)
2. expectations and outcomes (outcome expectancy)
3. the value placed on those outcomes (outcome value)
What are sources of self eff?
Performance accomplishments
Vicarious experiences
verbal persuasion
imaginal experiences
physiological states
emotional states
