Week 4

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

• change in genetic code continoual, random,
• unpredictable enironmental; radiation, chemicals
• mechanical: during replication or reading of the code neutral, beneficial, or deleterious (harmful)

Question 2

mechanical- point mutation

Answer 2

• the instructions to remove bad cholesterol
• THE CAT AND DOG ARE SAD
• point of mutation 15th letter
• THE CAT AND DOG ARC SAD
• result: may still make the protein or slight defect

Question 3

mechanical frameshift mutation

Answer 3

• THE CAT AND DOG ARE SAD
• 3rd letter dropped, next letter used to form coden
• THC ATA NDD OGA RES AD
• cannot make protein increases chances of heart attack

Question 4

chromosomal mutation

Answer 4

• during meiosis
• eg. trysomy 21- extra copy of C21
• downs symbrone
• not inherited

Question 5

genetic drift

Answer 5

• random changes/drift in allele frequencies from on egeneration to next
• new generationis has non-responsive sample of alleles
  
  • population bottleneck
  • founder effect

Question 6

bottleneck effect

Answer 6

• in past 250k → 50
• breeding programs → now 1000
• alleles in new population are reduced
  
  • high to low diversity

Question 7

founder effect

Answer 7

• 5 million french canadians from a few thousand ‘founder population’ 300 years ago
  
  • this ‘found’ population is very different than parent population

Question 8

gene flow

Answer 8

• movemenet of alleles from one population to another
• for human - admixture
• eg. milration, movement of humans
• eg. australia pop. 20 % has convicted ancestory
  
  • 162000 convicts of Great Britian sent to Australia

Question 9

blanxced polymorphism

Answer 9

• why do some recessive disorders like sickle cell anemia SCA reaamin in pop?
• seems to contrary to natural selection
• heterozygous genotype Ss
  *

Question 10

natural selection:moths

Answer 10

• manchester, england - 19th centrury- peppered moth
• ligh moth- camo against lichen on tree trunks
• coal then comes due to industralization
• trees got darker
• light moths not camo
  
  • light moths eaten more

Question 11

envoluntary change in natural selection

Answer 11

• a trait must be inherited to have importance in NS
• NS cannot occur without variation in inhereited traits
• fitness-releative mesaure that will change as enironment changes

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

• NS failure to adpat/compete
• sometimes from cataclysmic event eg. meteor