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CSB601 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of drug ends in pril?

A

Ace inhibitors

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2
Q

What kind of drug ends in ‘sartan’?

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers

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3
Q

What kind of drug ends in ‘olol’?

A

Beta Blockers

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4
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure formula?

A

Mean arterial pressure = (Stroke volume x Heart rate) x Systemic vascular pressure

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5
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood that is pumped from the left ventricle per beat

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6
Q

What is heart rate?

A

Heart rate is the speed that the heart beats, normally measured per minute

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7
Q

What is systemic vascular resistance?

A

Its the resistance applied to the blood by the blood vessel walls

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8
Q

What is the baroreceptor reflex?

A

The baroreceptor receptor measured how much pressure there is within the blood vessel, which sends a message to the brain stem and the brain tells the heart to adjust the blood pressure

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9
Q

What does the parasympathetic mode do?

A

Lower the blood pressure by decreasing heart rate

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10
Q

What does the sympathetic mode do?

A

Raise the blood pressure by increasing heart rate

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11
Q

What are the two ways the body can adjust blood pressure?

A

Through RAAS and baroreceptor reflex

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12
Q

What are some factors that contribute to primary hypertension

A

Genetics, Age, Diet (High in salt), Lifestyle (Stress0, Baroreceptor reset

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13
Q

What are the goals of therapy for hypertension patients?

A

Reduce mean arterial pressure, reduce the likelihood of micro/macrovascular complications and avoid adverse drug reactions

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14
Q

What are the drug classes used to treat antihypertensive?

A

ACE inhibitors, ARBS, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers.

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15
Q

What does ARB stand for?

A

Angiotensin receptors blockers

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16
Q

What does ACE inhibitors stand for?

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action for an ACE inhibitor?

A

Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme which stops angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

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18
Q

What are the potential adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Hypotension, hyperkalaemia, persistent dry cough

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19
Q

What kind of drug ends in ‘sartan’?

A

ARBS (Angiotensin receptor blocker)

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ARBS?

A

They prevent angiotensin two from binding and prevent the effects of RAAS

21
Q

What are the side effects of ARBS?

A

Hypotension and hyperkalaemia

22
Q

How do dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers work?

A

They prevent calcium from entering the arteriolar smooth muscle to prevent them from contracting

23
Q

What are the side effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

A

Vasodilatory effects such as headache, dizziness, hypotension and peripheral oedema

24
Q

What do dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers end in?

A

Dipine

25
Q

How do NON-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers work to reduce blood pressure?

A

They prevent calcium from entering arteriolar smooth muscle and cardiac muscle which prevents vasoconstriction and chronotropy

26
Q

What are side effects of NON-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

A

Vasodilatory effects, constipation and bradycardia

27
Q

What do thiazide diuretics end in?

A

thiazide

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action for a thiazide diuretic to reduce blood pressure?

A

It prevents the reabsorption of sodium and chloride to remove fluid

29
Q

What does nor/adrenaline do?

A
30
Q

How do beta blockers lower blood pressure?

A

Prevents beta 1 adrenoreceptors in the heart which then prevents adrenaline from binding and stops it from increasing the heart rate and stroke volume

31
Q

Why can’t beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers be given together?

A

It can cause life-threatening bradycardia

32
Q

What other diseases can cause something to take antihypertensive?

A

Stable angina, post-myocardial infarction and heart failure

33
Q

What do nitrates end in?

A

Nitrate

34
Q

How do nitrates work?

A

They produce vasodilation and venodilation to lower venous return and reduce preload

35
Q

Is LDL good or bad?

A

BAD

36
Q

What is LDL?

A

Low density lipopretein

37
Q

What do LDL’s do?

A

They carry excess cholesterol to the vascular tissue from the liver

38
Q

What is HDL?

A

High-density lipid

39
Q

What does HDL do?

A

Carry cholesterol from vascular tissue to the liver for removal

40
Q

Is HDL good or bad?

A

GOOD

41
Q

What is the first-line therapy for lowering lipids?

A

Statins

42
Q

How do statins work?

A

They block the action of the HMG Coa Reductase which in turn stops the body from making extra cholesterol and uses the fat the body already has

43
Q

How does ezetimibe work?

A

It reduces the absorption of cholesterol from our diet by stopping cholesterol from crossing the intestinal wall

44
Q

What are the three drugs in a triple whammy?

A

Ace inhibitor + diuretic + NSAID

45
Q

What do Fibrates do?

A

They help lower high triglyceride levels.

CSB601 (10 decks)

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