WEEK 4 Flashcards
(13 cards)
is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins.
GENE
the genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of the specific alleles it possesses (e.g., AA, Aa, aa for a particular gene). The genetic constitution.
GENOTYPE
Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called____
PROTEINS
is the observable physical or physiological traits
PHENOTYPE
Mendel’s laws describe how traits are inherited.
LAW OF INHERITANCE
the father of genetics, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
GREGOR MENDEL
LAWS OF HEREDITY
- Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex cells so that sex cells contain only one gene of the pair. Offspring therefore inherit one genetic allele from each parent when sex cells unite in fertilization.
THE LAW OF SEGREGATION
refers to genes located on sex chromosomes (X or Y). These are the traits associated with genes on sex chromosomes and recombination is the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes during meiosis.
SEX LINKAGE
LAWS OF HEREDIT
- an organism with at least one dominant allele will have the phenotype of the dominant allele.
LAW OF DOMINANCE
initially described simple dominance patterns, where one allele is dominant over another. However, gene interaction can be more complex, involving multiple genes that influence a single trait (e.g., epistasis, where one gene mask the effect of another).
MENDEL’S GENE INTERACTION
Types of Mendel’s Gene Interaction:
One allele completely masks the other.
COMPLETE DOMINANCE
Types of Mendel’s Gene Interaction:
Heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between two homozygous phenotypes.
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Types of Mendel’s Gene Interaction:
Both alleles in the heterozygote are fully expressed.
CODOMINANCE
