WEEK 4 Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
refers to the sum of processes performed by a
pharmacist from:—-
Reading
validating and interpreting prescriptions
preparing, packaging, labeling
record keeping
dose calculations and counseling or giving information,
in relation to the sale or transfer of pharmaceutical
products, with or without a prescription
order
.
A
Dispensing
2
Q
The manner in which a pharmacist processes a prescription order is important in fulfilling
his/her ____ and can enhance his/her____ with the physician and
the patient.
A
professional responsibility; image
3
Q
covers all activities involved, from receiving the prescription to issuing
the prescribed medicine to the patient
A
dispensing process
4
Q
It is desirable that the patient present the prescription order directly to the pharmacist
A
Receiving of the Prescription
5
Q
prescription order directly to the pharmacist will yield:
A
enhancesthe pharmacist-patient relationship and (b) facilitatesthe
gathering of essential disease and drug information from the patient.
6
Q
are trained to accept/receive the prescriptions
A
Pharmacy technicians
7
Q
Pharmacist should:
A
–Cross –check.
–Confirm the name of the patient
8
Q
Non-Pharmacists Personnel
According to R.A. 10918 (Philippine Pharmacy Act)
A
Pharmacy aide
Pharmacy assistant
Pharmacy technicians
9
Q
Assist pharmacists in all areas, minimal degree
of independence, no patient interaction
A
Pharmacy aide
10
Q
Assist pharmacists in all areas, minimum degree
of independence, interact w/ patients
(supervised by Pharmacist)
A
Pharmacy assistant
11
Q
Assist pharmacists in compounding and
dispensing
A
Pharmacy
technicians
12
Q
It is a legal requirement
to number the prescription order and to place same number
on the label.
A
Numbering
13
Q
It serves to identify the bottle or package and to connect it with the original order for
reference
A
Numbering
14
Q
Consecutive numbers are assigned by prescription ____ or manually
______
A
computers; numbering machines
15
Q
- is also a legal requirement
.- This is important in determining the appropriate refill frequency and patient
compliance.
A
Dating
16
Q
It is also an alternate means of locating the prescription
prescription number be lost by the patient.
A
Dating
17
Q
The prescription order first should be read ____
and ____.
A
completely; carefully
18
Q
Upon receiving a prescription, the staff member responsible should
A
confirm the
name of the patient.
19
Q
This action is particularly important when the pharmacy is dealing with a large crowd of people and when there is
any risk that staff or patients may mix up prescriptions.
A
Reading, Checking & Interpreting the
Prescription
20
Q
contribute to making sure the right patient
where many people share the same surname.
A
matching numbers or symbols
21
Q
Read and check the prescription and check the following:
A
Age of the patient
Weight and condition of the patient
Dose and dosage form prescribed
Possible influence of the other drugs being taken (Drug-drug interaction)
Frequency of administration
22
Q
Correctly interpret any ____ used by the Prescriber
A
abbreviations
23
Q
is required on the prescription or medication order to provide
the necessary information to allow the pharmacist to evaluate the appropriateness of
the order.
A
Complete information
24
Q
When the order is _____
, the pharmacist must obtain the required information
from either the patient
or the ____
.
A
incomplete; prescriber
25
If an incomplete prescription or one which requires
clarification
further
is received, attempts must always be made to
contact the prescriber:
26
If the prescriber can be contacted and is available on site_____ for such prescriptions should be discussed with the prescriber
prior to sending the prescription back to him/her.
Remedial action
27
If the prescriber cannot be contacted, patient should be _____
and the prescription must be _____ to the prescriber with
information on the clarification/action needed.
informed ; sent back
28
If the prescriber is not available to amend the prescription
himself/herself, _____ to make the change may be obtained
_____
through the phone.
authorization; verbally
29
Amending the prescription:- The amendments to the prescription should be ____ to the prescriber to ensure _____
.
repeated back; accuracy
30
The amendments should be documented the prescription and endorsed with:
- “PRESCRIBER CONTACTED” (PC)
- dated and
- initialed by the pharmacist/person dispensing.
31
The following should be considered during an evaluation: ------
1. Patient's _____requiring treatment
2. Patient's ______
3. The ______ of the prescribed product
4. The prescribed _____
5. Whether the prescribed product might result in a ____, ____, ____ interaction
6.____&____ are safe and likely
to meet the needs of the patient
disease or condition
allergies or hypersensitivities
pharmacological or biological action
route of administration
drug drug, drug-disease, or drug-food
Dose, dosage form, and dosage regimen
32
Whether the patient will have any adhering difficulties
to the regimen and the potential impact on the therapeutic outcome desired
Adherence
33
Whether the total quantity of medication
prescribed is sufficient
course of therapy
Quantity
34
Whether a physical or chemical
incompatibility might result (i.e., if the product requires
extemporaneous compounding)
Incompatibility
35
Whether a licensed practitioner
, acting in the
course and scope of practice, issued the prescription in
good faith, for a legitimate
Legitimacy
36
A good dispenser selects the item by reading the label and cross matching the
product name, strength, dosage form and quantity
37
The dispenser should check the stock to make sure
that it has not _____ and choose the oldest stock (______) or first expiry, depending on the stock rotation
method used.
expired; first in/first-out
38
Measure or count quantity from
stock containers
39
must be measured in a clean vessel and should be poured from
the stock bottle with the label kept upward.
Liquids
40
It can be counted with or without the assistance of a counting
device.
loose Tablets and capsules
41
The most important rule
to follow is that the dispenser’s hands must not
be in _____ with the medicine.
direct contact
42
Using the hands is bad practice for both _____ and product _____
reasons.
hygienic; quality
43
Counting should be done using one of the following:
1. Clean piece of paper and clean knife or spatula--
2. Clean tablet-counting device
3. Lid of the stock container in use
4. Any other clean, dust-free surface
44
Most well-trained staff members deliberately read the container label at least _____
during the dispensing process.
twice
45
Dangerous Practices:
a) Selecting according to the _____ OR ____ of the container, without consciously
reading the label, is poor dispensing practice and may have ____ consequences.
color or location; fatal
46
Dangerous Practices:
b) Another dangerous practice that should be discouraged is having many ______ at the same time.
stock containers open
47
In this situation, product selection is frequently made only according to appearance,
which could lead to
errors.
48
In addition, medicines continuously exposed to the air eventually
deteriorate in quality.
49
It is important to open and close containers
one at a time
50
It is defined as a situation where the prescribed medicine is not available at the pharmacy
when a prescription is being processed.
Stock-out
51
This may be due to the medicine being temporarily out-of stock at that time or the
pharmacy does not keep stock of that particular medicine.
Stock-out
52
If there is stock-out:
Inform the prescriber if substitution can be done.
53
If the medicine cannot be substituted with
another medicine that is available,
inform the patient
54
If the patient agrees for it to be supplied at a later time, arrange to get ____ so as to enable
prompt supply the medicine to the patient.
stocks
55
If the patient requires the medicine urgently, the pharmacist/person dispensing must
communicate with the _____to discuss if the prescribed medicine can be substituted with
another medicine which is readily available.
prescriber
56
According to FDA, generic products should be
_____ to the innovator brand.
bioequivalent
57
Pharmaceutical equivalents
that have similar bioavailability
when given in the same molar dose
and studied under similar experimental conditions.
Bioequivalent drug products
58
Pharmaceutical equivalents
These are drug product with same:
Active pharmaceutic ingredient
Dosage form
Dosage strength
Mode of administration
Standard of quality
59
Process of dispensing a different
brand or unbranded drug product in
place of the prescribed drug product.
Consent from the prescriber is not
needed (RA6675 Generics Act of
1988)
Generic Substitution
60
Pharmaceutical equivalents may differ in characteristics such as
shape, scoring configuration,
release mechanisms, packaging, excipients (including colors, flavors,
preservatives), expiration time, and, within certain limits, labeling
61
Drug products that contain the same therapeutic
moiety
Pharmaceutical alternatives
62
Pharmaceutical alternatives Drug products that contain the same therapeutic
moiety
But differ in:
salts, esters or complexes
Different dosage forms and strengths within a product
line by a single manufacturer
63
Process of dispensing a
pharmaceutic alternative for the
prescribed drug product
Consent from the prescriber is
needed
Pharmaceutic Substitution
64
Drug products containing different
active ingredients that are indicated for the same
therapeutic or clinical objectives.
Alternatives
65
Drug products that can be used
interchangeably in clinical practices
Equivalents
66
Process of dispensing a therapeutic
alternative in place of the prescribed
drug product
Consent from the prescriber is needed
Therapeutics Substitution
67
Apply Legal & Ethical Considerations
The pharmacy professionals should confirm:
1. Legality
2. Legibility
3. Ethical concerns
4. Give Appropriate discounts
68
A prescription is legal when: ----
It is written (can also be typed) and _____ by an authorized prescriber
____ prescription for controlled drugs
Date of issue
Has ____ the information required to be contained with respect to parts of prescription
signed; Yellow; all
69
A brief examination of each prescription should be made immediately upon receiving it
from the patient
Legibility
70
Pharmacy professional must examine the prescription only behind the _____,
and must not allow themselves to be _____ while doing so.
dispensing counter; distracted
71
When confronting with ethical dilemmas always apply the ____
for pharmacists and
the _____
such
code of ethics; basic healthcare ethics
72
When confronting with ethical dilemmas always apply the code of ethics
for pharmacists and
the basic healthcare ethics
such as:
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
73
describes a conflict between two morally correct courses of action. There is a
conflict between values or principles.
ethical dilemma
74
is that you would be doing something right and
wrong at the same time, and by taking one right course you will negate the other right course.
dilemma
75
SENIOR CITIZEN- RA 9994 (____ Discount NON VAT)
PWD (Persons with Disability)- RA _____(20% Discount NON VAT)
20%; 10754
76
Senior citizens in the Philippines are exempted from paying
Value Added Tax (VAT)
77
The pharmacist should decide the exact procedure to be followed in____
and ___ the ingredients
dispensing; compounding
78
The pharmacist should perform this responsibility on the basis of his knowledge of the
___, ____, &____ to the patient
quality, effectiveness, and cost
79
Prescription that requires compounding
Upon receipt of prescription, take into consideration the following
Chemical and physical incompatibility
Order of mixing
Need for special adjuvant and techniques
Mathematical calculations required
80
When selecting the medicine to be dispensed, prevent any medication errors by
establishing an _____
to ensure that the correct medicine is selected,
especially if there are medicines with similar names and packaging,
appropriate system
81
Look-alike and sound alike drug names:
Quinidine and Clonidine,
Doxycycline and Doxofylline
82
High risks drugs or high alert drugs
Blood modifying agents- Heparin & Warfarin
Narcotics and sedatives- Diazepam (Valium), Neuromuscular paralyzing agents, Chemotherapy drugs
83
it should be used to enable correct and accurate selection
of the medicine.
barcode system
84
Proper packaging is required to ensure
(1) product stability,
(2) to promote patient compliance, and to (3) comply with
legal requirements.
85
Proper packaging is commonly found in
United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
86
Medicines should be dispensed in _____ packaging as far
as possible.
original
87
Medicines which need to be packed
such as _____ should be packed into a clean, dry container,
such as a bottle or plastic envelope which will not
compromise the quality of the product after dispensing.
loose capsules/tablets
88
Selection of container is based primarily on:
a) Type and quantity of medication to be dispensed
b) Method of its use
c) Pharmacists may select a container from among
various shapes, sizes, mouth openings, colors, and
composition.
89
Types of containers generally used in pharmacy are:
1. round vials – for capsules and tablets
2. prescription bottles – for liquids of low viscosity
3. wide mouth bottles – for bulk powders, large quantities of tablets or capsules, suspensions (viscous liquids)
4. dropper bottles – for ophthalmic, nasal, otic and oral liquid preparation
5. applicator bottle – for wound and skin surface
6.ointment jars and collapsible tubes – semi-solid dosage form
7. sifter-top containers – for powders
8. hinged-lid or slide boxes – for suppositories and divided powders
90
Labelling the Prescription
It should have an
aesthetic and professional appearance
91
Labeling includes:
Name and address of the pharmacy
Patient's name
Original date of filling
Prescription number
Directions for use
Product's brand
Product strength (if available in more than one strength)
Quantity of medication dispensed
Prescriber's name
Expiration date of the medication
Pharmacist's initials
92
contain one dose or one unit of
medication.
Unit-dose packages
93
To ensure proper medication use, storage, and
compliance with applicable statutes, and to reinforce
information provided during counseling, auxiliary
and/or cautionary labels should be affixed when
appropriate
Auxiliary and cautionary labels.
94
Examples of Auxiliary labels
proper storage
refill status
warnings or precautions
95
Counter-checking should be done by a _____, other
than the staff who did the previous filling and labelling tasks.
second person
96
Counter-checking is essentially important for those drug products available in?
Multiple strengths
97
Once the counter-checking is done, the person performing
this task should ___
on the prescription.
initial
98
This will increase the likelihood of obtaining the desired outcomes
Counter-checking
99
Issuing or supply of medicine should only be done
by
registered pharmacist
.
100
When dispensing the medicines, ensure the 5Rs:
Right Patient- Right Medicine- Right Dose- Right Route- Right Time
101
Right Patient- Right Medicine- Right Dose- Right Route- Right Tim
Patient Counselling
102
In addition, the following topics might also be appropriate during the counseling
session:
Special procedures.
Proper storage.
Potential adverse effects.
Over-the-counter (OTC) products.
Compliance aids
103
item should be stored at room temperature (68-77°F), ideally inside
cabinet, cupboard, pantry, or cellar, as their relative humidity is approximately 80%.
Store in a cool dry place
104
thermostatically controlled between 20C and 25C with allowed
excursions between 15C to 30C
Store in room temperature
105
As appropriate, the pharmacist should advise patients on how to take the medication
(e.g., on an empty stomach, with plenty of water) and instruct them on foods to avoid
while taking the medication (e.g., alcoholic beverages, dairy products).
Special procedures.
106
The pharmacist should counsel patients on how to store medications properly to
ensure stability and potency.
Proper storage
107
The pharmacist should ensure that patients are
aware of the possible adverse effects associated
with the medication
Potential adverse effects.
108
Patients should understand the following for adverse effect:
The frequency of an adverse effect.
The severity of an adverse effect.
What action should be taken to manage or
minimize the adverse effect.
109
a response to a drug that is
noxious and unintended,
ADR
110
the result of the intrinsic
properties of the drug and
cannot be prevented
ADR
111
Let the patient ___ what you have counsel to
them.
repeat
112
1) Prescription record book—
2) Dangerous drug book-
3) Poisonous substances record book—
4) Referral logbook-
kept in the drug store for 2
years
kept for 2 years
5 years
kept for 2 years
113
Three different methods can be used to keep a
record of medicines dispensed
A. Prescription is retained
B. Prescription is returned to the patient
C. Use of computers to record the dispensing details
114
Enumerate Processing of Prescription:
1. Receiving of the Prescription
2. Reading, Checking & Interpreting the
Prescription
3. Validate Appropriateness of the
Prescription
4. Check Availability of Medicine
5. Apply Legal & Ethical Considerations
6. Preparing the Prescription
7. Select Proper Packaging
8. Labelling the Prescription
9. Counter-checking
10. Issuance of Medicine to the Patient
11. Patient Counselling
12. Filing & Recording of Prescription
