Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Essentials 1.3 Drugs > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

Headache Management, Horner Syndrome Dx Meds, Anxiolytic/Sedative-Hypnotic Meds (64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which headache drugs are selective serotonin receptor agonists, specifically binding to 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors?

A

Sumatriptan, Naratriptan, and Frovatriptan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the clinical use of Sumatriptan?

A

Acute migraine tx

2nd line acute cluster headache tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the side effects of Sumatriptan, Naratriptan, and Frovatriptan?

A

Palpitations, chest pain, vasoconstriction/MI, arrythmia, fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the clinical use of Naratriptan?

A

acute migraine treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the clinical use of Frovatriptan?

A

acute migraine treatment

Long half-life of approximately 26 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the clinical use of Topiramate?

A

Migraine prevention

Anti-epileptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the side effects of Topiramate?

A

Flank pain, kidney stones, word finding difficulty, changes in taste, eye pain, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which headache medication is a 5-HT and NE reuptake inhibitor?

A

Amitriptyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the clinical use of Amitriptyline?

A

Migraine prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the side effects of Amitriptyline?

A

drowsiness,weight gain,dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, tacycardia, urinary retention

Concerns if pt overdoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which headache drugs are CGRP receptor antagonists?

A

Ubrogepant and Rimegepant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the clinical use of Rimegepant?

A

episodic and chronic migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the clincal use of Ubrogepant?

A

episodic migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which headache drug causes vasoconstriction primarily by activating 5-HT1B/1D receptors on intracranial blood vessels?

A

Ergotamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the clinical use of Ergotamine?

A

migraine abortive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the side effects of Ergotamine?

A

vasoconstricition, nausea/vomiting, HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which headache drugs are monoclonal antibodies against CGRP receptors?

A

Galcanezumab, Fremanezumab, Eptinezumab, and Erenumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the clinical use of Galcanezumab?

A

Episodic cluster headache prevention

Migraine preventative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the clinical use of Fremanezumab?

A

Migraine prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the clinical use of Eptinezumab?

A

Migraine prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the clinical use Erenumab?

A

Migraine prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which headache drug is an NSAID (COX 1 and 2 inhibitor)?

A

Indomethacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the clinical use of Indomethacin?

A

Thunderclap headache prevention, icepick headache prevention; hemicranicontinua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the side effects of Indomethacin?

A

GI, renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the clinical use of Apraclonidine?
Used to determine if a Horner syndrome is present (effective when Horner has been present >1 week) Makes the Horner pupil (small pupil) larger and the normal pupil stays the same or becomes a little smaller - reverses the anisocoria
26
What is the MOA of Apraclonidine?
alpha-2 agonist and weak alpha-1 agonist
27
What is the clinical use of Cocaine drops?
Used to determine if a Horner syndrome is present Does not change the Horner pupil, but will make the normal pupil larger - making the anisocoria more pronounced
28
What is the MOA of Cocaine drops?
Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine in the nerve terminal
29
What is the clinical use of Hydroxyamphetamine?
Used to distingush 1st/2nd order neuron Horner syndrome disorder from 3rd order disorder A 1st/2nd order neuron lesion Horner syndrome pupil will dilate while a 3rd order lesion will not dilate.
30
What is the MOA of Hydroxyamphetamine?
Releases norepinephrine into the nerve terminal
31
What is the MOA of Benzodiazepines?
GABA-A receptor agonism – increase frequency of Cl- channel opening
32
What is the clinical use of benzodiazepines?
Short-term, acute management of anxiety, anticonvulsants, sedative-hypnotic withdrawal
33
What are the side effects of benzodiazepines?
Sedation Short-acting agents: memory effects Deliriogenic Black-Box Warning: risk of abuse, addiction, and withdrawal Antagonist medication = Flumazenil
34
Which benzodiazepine is used for procedural sedation, works fast, and has a short half-life (depending on route can have very short duration)?
Midazolam (PO, IN, IV, IM)
35
Which benzodiazepine also helps with insomnia, works fast, has a short half-life, and has a high risk of rebound insomnia?
Triazolam (PO)
36
Which benzodiazepine works fast and has an intermediate half-life?
Alprazolam (PO and liquid)
37
Which benzodiazepine is an anticonvulsant, works fast, and has a long half-life?
Diazepam (PO, Liquid, Rectal Gel, IV)
38
Which benzodiazepine helps with agitation, works at intermediate speed, and has an intermediate half-life?
Lorazepam (PO, Liquid, IV, IM, Rectal)
39
Which benzodiazepine has no active metabolites which makes it better for elderly, works at intermediate speed, and has a short half-life?
Oxazepam (PO)
40
Which benzodiazepine has active metabolites, helps with alcohol detox, works at intermediate speed, and has an intermediate-long half-life?
Chlordiazepoxide (PO, IV, IM)
41
Which benzodiazepine is an anticonvulsant, works slowly, and has a long half-life?
Clonazepam
42
Which benzodiazepine has the longest half-life and works fast?
Flurazepam
43
Which 2 drugs are histamine receptor agonists?
Hydroxyzine (PO) and Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (PO, Liquid, IM, IV)
44
What are Hydroxyzine and Diphenhydramine clinically used for?
PRN Anxiety
45
What are the side effects of Hydroxyzine and Diphenhydramine?
Sedation, hangover effect Deliriogenic
46
What is Propranolol's MOA?
Beta-antagonist
47
What is the clinical use of Propranolol (PO)?
As needed for Performance Anxiety
48
What are the side effects of Propranolol?
Bradycardia, hypotension
49
Which drug is the only FDA-approved drug for anxiety (GAD)?
Buspirone (PO)
50
What is the MOA of Buspirone?
5-HT partial agonist
51
What are the side effects of Buspirone?
Dizziness, GI, confusion Takes 2-4 weeks to achieve effect
52
What is the MOA of Non-benzodiazepine GABA agonists for sleep ('Z drugs')?
GABA-A receptor agonism
53
What is the clinical use ofNon-benzodiazepine GABA agonists for sleep ('Z drugs')?
Insomnia
54
What are the side effects of Non-benzodiazepine GABA agonists for sleep ('Z drugs')?
Sedation, hangover effect Black Box Warning: Risk of sleep-related behaviors (sleepwalking) leading to injury and death
55
Which non-benzodiazepine GABA agonists helps with sleep-related behaviors, works fast, and has a short half-life?
Zolpidem (PO)
56
Which non-benzodiazepine GABA agonists has a higher risk of hangover effect and rebound insomnia than other Z drugs, works fast, and has a short half-life?
Eszopiclone (PO)
57
Which non-benzodiazepine GABA agonists has a very short half-life and works fast?
Zaleplon (PO)
58
What is Melatonin's MOA?
Melatonin in supriachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) – circadian rhythm Administer 1-2 hours before sleep for physiological dosing PO
59
What is Ramelteon's MOA and what is it used for?
Melatonin receptor agonist SLEEP Administer 1-2 hours before sleep for physiological dosing
60
What is Trazodone's MOA and use?
Sedation 5-HT, H-1, and alpha-1 receptor antagonist PO
61
What is Doxepin's MOA, use, and side effects?
Tricyclic Antidepressant Sedation Anticholinergic, antihistaminergic, anti-alpha-1, serotonergic side effects PO
62
When should short-term/acute medications for anxiolytic/sedative drugs be used?
For as needed anxious symptoms, for agitation, or to bridge to long-term therapy
63
When should benzodiazepines be avoided?
Benzodiazepines should be avoided in individuals with history of Substance Use Disorder Benzodiazepines can be used for anxiolysis, barbiturates are not
64
What are the maintenance medications for GAD?
Antidepressants (SSRIs are 1st line) + Buspirone

Essentials 1.3 Drugs (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions