Week 4 Flashcards

Invloeden van geslacht en cultuur (16 cards)

1
Q

Wie is de betere onderhandelaar?

A
  • Vrouwen zijn minder geneigd onderhandelingen te starten;
  • Mannen onderhandelen betere uitkomsten;
  • Vrouwen zijn meer meewerkend;
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2
Q

Role congruity theory

A
  • De gedragingen die de uitkomsten van onderhandelingen
    vergroten hangen meer met de rol van mannen dan met die
    van vrouwen samen:
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3
Q

Context matters

A

*Uitkomsten die verschillen als gevolg van geslacht zijn
afhankelijk van de context
- Onderhandelen voor jezelf tegenover onderhandelen voor
iemand anders;
- Ervaring in onderhandelen
- Structurele dubbelzinnigheid
- Onderwerp waarover onderhandeld wordt;
*Onder bepaalde omstandigheden kunnen verschillen worden
teruggedraaid en kan zelfs een voordeel ontstaan voor
vrouwen

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4
Q

Stereotype threat

A

see slides

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5
Q

Mixed gender pairs in the ultimate game

A

*Men and women offered equal amounts to the other
participant
*Male recipients were offered more (M = 4.89) compared to
female recipients (M = 4.37)
*Recipients (men and women) choose a higher minimum
acceptable offers when facing a women

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6
Q

Bottom line

A

*Actual negotiation abilities or behaviors are quite similar
*Expectations about male and female negotiators are
different
*Gender stereotypes hinder women’s negotiation
performance or trigger a reaction

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7
Q

Cross cultural negotiation

A

*Surface culture: negotiation
style
*Deep culture: values and
beliefs

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8
Q

Internationale onderhandelingen

A

*Er zijn twee belangrijke contexten om rekening mee te
houden:
- Environmental context;
- Immediate context;

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9
Q

Environmental context

A

-Politieke en juridische (sub)systemen;
-Internationale economieën;
-Buitenlandse regeringen en bureaucratieën;
-Instabiliteit(en);
-Ideologieën;
-Culturen.

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10
Q

Immediate context

A

*Relative bargaining power;
*Levels of conflict;
*Relatie tussen onderhandelaars;
*Gewenste uitkomsten (tangible en intangible);
*Direct belanghebbenden.

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11
Q

Cultuur

A

*Cultuur kan worden opgevat als aangeleerd gedrag;
*Gemeenschappelijke waarden;
*Cultuur als dialectiek;
*Cultuur in context;

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12
Q

Cultural values

A

*Geert Hofstede’s four dimensions
- Individualism – Collectivism
- Power distance
- Masculinity – Femininity (Career success / Quality of life)
- Uncertainty avoidance
*Culture influences every aspect of negotiation but avoid
falling for the cultural attribution error

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13
Q

Dignity, honor and face

A
  • Comparison of negotiation in three types of cultures (Aslani et al.,
    2016)
  • USA: dignity culture
    ➢ self-worth based on individual achievement
  • Qatar: honor culture
    ➢ self-worth based on reputation
  • China: face cultures
    ➢ self-worth based on social role fulfillment
  • Qatari and Chinese negotiations were more competitive and led to
    lower joint outcomes than American negotiations
  • People from honor cultures handle conflicts more constructively
    but watch out with insults (Harinck et al., 2013)
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14
Q

Invloed van cultuur

A

*Definitie van onderhandelen;
*Onderhandelingsmogelijkheden;
*Onderhandelaren;
*Protocol;
*Communicatie;
*Tijd;
*Risicobereidheid;
*Collectief vs. individu;
*Aard van overeenstemmingen;
*emotie

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15
Q

Invloed van cultuur, maar ook:

A

*Uitkomst;
*Informatie uitwisseling/omgangsvormen;
*Psychologische processen;
*Ethiek en tactiek;

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16
Q

How to be culturally responsiveness

A

*Advice: go for moderate adaptation
- Learn some key features of the other party’s culture
- Maintain a firm grasp on your own approach
- Make modifications to help relations with the other party
➢The succes of negotiation between cross-cultural parties
depends on respect of each other rather than style