week 4 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the normal fluid intake into the GI tract?
2000mL
How much fluid is normally excreted from the GI tract?
100mL
What drives the absorption of water?
electrolyte absorption
In what ways can electrolytes be absorbed in the small intestine?
ATP driven pumps
Co-transporter-symporter
exchange carrier - antoprter
ion channel
Describe oral rehydration therapy
solution containing electrolytes and glucose
What are some extrinsic causes of diarrhoea?
laxatives, antacids
acarbose (alpha-glocosidase inhibitor)
Orlistat (lipase inhibitor) weight loss treatment
What are some intrinsic causes of diarrhoea?
digestive enzyme deficiencies
pancreatic insufficiency
inflammatory disease
short bowel syndrome
What are the types of diarrhoea?
secretory
inflammatory
osmotic (malabsorption)
How can diarrhoea be prevented?
rotavirus and measles vaccinations
breastfeeding
handwashing with soap
sanitation
What are the uses of colloid IV solutions?
maintains intravascular volume - prevents hypovolaemic shock
What are the use of crystalloids?
used to rehydrate
What does the speed of rehydration depend on?
age cardiovascular status renal function how long it took to become dehydrated severity of dehydration
How is passage of substances into the small intestine controlled?
ileocaecal valve prevents back flow from the colon to the small intestine
there is also an ileocaecal sphincter which is normally partially constricted
Describe the movement in the large intestines
less movement than in the small intestines
more aborption at beginning and storage at end
“haustrations” segmentations like in small intestines
What are the four mechanisms of diarrhoea?
osmotic
secretory
inflammatory
abnormal motility
Describe osmotic diarrhoea
reduced absorption of water
ingested non-absorbable substance
generalised malabsorption
absorptive defect
describe secretory diarrhoea
active intestinal secretion od fluid enterotoxins (cholera, ecoli, cdid hormones (GIP) bile salts in coon fatty acids in colon
Describe inflammatory dirrhoea
damage to intestinal mucosal cell loss of fluid and blood shigella IBD defective absorption of fluid and electrolytes
