Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Lecture tests > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is located where

A

Between the lungs, center of the thorax, alex points to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The heart has three layers, what are they?

A

Epicardium- thin outer layer

Myocardium- middle, thick muscular layer

Endocardium- inner, thin membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The epicardium, myocardium, endocardium are surrounded by what fluid filled sac

A

Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The hearts left and right chambers are separated by what

A

Septum (wall like the noses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atria chambers of the heart

A

Upper chambers

Right and left atriums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ventricle chambers of the heart

A

Lower and pumping chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Right AV valve is tricuspid

Left AV valve is bicuspid (mitral valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atrioventricular valve’s are attached to the wall by tissue threads called what

A

Chordae

Heart strings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chordae helps to prevent valves from doing what

A

It is a tendineae which prevents the valves from flipping into the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ventricular valves

A

Also known as ,semi lunar, are the exit to the pulmonary and aorta arteries

Right semi lunar valve is called the pulmonary valve

Left semi lunar valve is the aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coronary arteries what is their function and where they located

A

Coronary arteries supply the heart with its own blood.

There are several coronary artery’s but there are three main ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a blockage in the coronary artery’s lead to

A

Ischemia and myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary circulation

A

Carries blood from the heart to the lungs to remove carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen and then returns oxygenated blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the systemic circulation system

A

Carries oxidant you needed blood from the heart to all the cells of the body and carries carbon dioxide and all other waste products from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Arteries function

A

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, with the exception of the pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do you arteries have thick walls, under pressure from the heart

A

Yes, and this pressure is what’s felt on taking a pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a arterioles

A

A small artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Do veins have valves in them?

A

Yes, this helps to keep the blood flowing in the right direction. Give supplied a little push through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a venules?

A

Smallest veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Both arteries and veins have walls composed of three layers, what are these layers

A

Tunica adventitia

Tunica media

Tunica intima

Lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tunica adventitia, is which of the 3 layer of arteries and veins

A

External layer, connective tissue, and a thicker and arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tunica media, is which of the 3 layer of arteries and veins

A

Middle layer, muscular layer, elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tunica intima, is which of the 3 layer of arteries and veins

A

Internal layer, elastic internal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lumen

A

Is the internal space of a vessel, whether it be a needle a vein or an artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Capillaries are how big
Microscopic, one Cell thick
26
What is the job of a capillary
To connect to the venules and arterioles
27
Capillary blood is both what
Oxygenated and Deoxygenated blood
28
And pulmonary circulation what is exchanged in the capillaries
Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged
29
What is a capillary puncture
A heel stick and a fingerstick procedure
30
Capillaries have what purpose in the systemic circulation
The waste and nutrient exchange takes place in the capillaries in the systemic circulation
31
Blood is how much thicker than water
Five times
32
How much blood is an average an adult have in their body
About 5 L
33
Bloods job is to
Deliver nutrients, oxygen and waste products throughout the body
34
What is Wright stain used for
A purple stain to allow easier viewing of wbc
35
Hemoglobin is what
The main component in erythrocytes, gives the red color and carries gases
36
Erythrocytes
Erythr- red Cytes- cells
37
Erythrocytes perform their job where
An erythrocyte has a intravascular function, they performs their job in the blood vessels and only in the blood vessels
38
Erythrocytes are created where
Made in the bone marrow, and have a nucleus but loses it as they mature Immature red blood cells are called Retics, they only live about 120 days
39
Leukocyte are what
Leuk-White Cytes-cells
40
Leukocytes are formed where
In bone marrow and the lymphatic system
41
Leukocytes function how
They have extra vascular function, they're able to form diapedesis (walk out), ability to exit through capillaries to enter tissue This is their main function, to destroy pathogens
42
Phagocytosis
The ability to surround and engulf Leukocytes that have this ability are called monocytes
43
Lymphocytes
Play in important role in immunity, T – lymphs attack infected cells, b- lymphs help make immunoglobulins (antibodies) that attack foreign cells
44
Thrombocytes
Thromb- clot Cytes- cells Platelets, and are the first cells to arrive at the size of an injury. They create a platelet plug
45
Type A blood
Has A antigen and anti B antibody A+ has the D antigen which makes it Rh positive A- lacks any D antigen therefore are RH negative A blood type can only except blood from other A blood types or AB blood type
46
Type B blood
Has B antigen and anti A antibody B+ has the D antigen which makes it Rh positive B- lacks any D antigen therefore are RH negative B blood type can receive blood from B type and AB type
47
AB blood type
Type A.B. has both antigen and neither anti-bodies AB+ has the D antigen which makes it Rh positive AB- lacks any D antigen therefore are RH negative Type A.B. can receive blood from everybody but can you give blood to themselves Universal recipient
48
O blood type
Has neither antigen and neither antibody O+ has the D antigen which makes it Rh positive O- lacks any D antigen therefore are RH negative O type blood is the universal donor, everyone can have it
49
Rhogam is the medication that does
Destroy any RH feudal positive cells that may have entered the mother circulation. If you have any negative blood type you were given this to avoid your body creating anti-bodies from a Trumatic injury and fetal blood getting into the mom in first pregnancy that could attack second pregnancy
50
Serum
Is the same composition is plasma but contains no fibriogen which is the clotting factor It is clear pale light yellow looks like urine
51
Serum is collected mostly for what
Lipid profile test electrolyte test. Almost always goes to chemistry
52
Plasma
Clear, pale yellow fluid, looks like urine Most coagulation testing is done on plasma, light blue tops
53
Whole blood
For test that cannot be formed on clotted blood Such as CBCs, glycohemoglobin's (Levander) ammonia levels (green) EDTA lavender tops
54
Ammonia level test require what special treatment
They must be put on ice. But you must put in a plastic bag and then into a glass of ice water to preserve the label
55
Skin puncture procedures (capillary puncture's)
Must be done due - to patient request - Dr. request - no other sites available - saving veins for IV Doctors usually request if patient has iatrogenic anemia
56
Capillary puncture site selection
Warm, pink, scarf free, Bruce three, rash free Site Use ring finger and middle finger only and avoid non-nondominant hand if possible
57
When preforming a capillary puncture you must avoid hitting bone because this can cause
Osteomyelitis (bone infection) Which can intern cause osteochondritis (serious infection causing inflammation of the bone and cartilage)
58
When doing A heel stick for what do you want to use to clean the site
Alcohol swab or pad. Do not use povidone iodine as it interferes with Billy Rubin, uric acid, phosphorus, and potassium - BURPP
59
The Bilirubin test must be performed quickly because
The test is light-sensitive, and is taken in special light blocking tubes usually
60
High Bilirubin is dangerous
Because it can cross the brain blood barrier and cause brain damage and death. Luckily Bili breaks down and white and most babies just need to be placed under Bili lights
61
Newborn screening is for what
To test for genetic or inherited diseases such as Phenylkrtonuria (PKU), also, cystic fibrosis, maple syrup urine disease, and hyperthyroidism
62
How must the newborn screening be performed
Done about two days after birth Collected on special filter paper with printed circles that must be filled with blood obtained through heelsticks Paper must be soaked through the circle to the other side Drops should not be smeared or touched Should air dry horizontally and protect from heat and light
63
EKG leads go where Lead one
Right arm and left arm between the wrist and elbow
64
EKG leads go where Lead two
Left leg and right leg go between the ankle and the knee tab pointing towards bellybutton
65
Chest leads for EKG V1
The fourth intercostal space at the right margin of the sternum Space in between fourth and fifth rib to the right of the sternum
66
Chest leads for EKG V2
Fourth intercostal space at the left margin of the sternum Exactly across from where you put V1
67
Chest leads for EKG V3
Midway between position to and position for put on after V4
68
Chest leads for EKG V4
Fifth intercostal space a junction of left mid the clavicle line Under the nipple
69
Chest leads for EKG V5
At horizontal level of position for at left anterior auxiliary line Follow the intercostal space put it a little further over
70
Chest leads for EKG V6
Horizontal level of position for at the left mid axillary line. Under the armpit
71
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic circulation is
Right atrium
72
The ECG shows P waves due to?
Arterial contractions
73
Blood flow order in veins
Capillary, venule, vein
74
The major difference between plasma and serum is the plasma has what
Contains fibrinogen and Surem does not
75
Lymph originates from
Tissue fluids
76
I heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs is called
CHF Congestive heart failure
77
Which test require arterial specimen
Blood gases
78
The concentration of a substance is higher in capillary blood then it is in venous blood
Glucose
79
If collecting test through capillary puncture's which specimen must be collected first
Whole blood test, like CBC
80
What is the least has just area of an infants foot for capillary puncture
Lateral plantar heel surface
81
According to CLSI, I hear puncture Lance it should not puncture any deeper than
2.0 mm
82
Can a PTT be taken by capillary puncture
No, but a Bili, Hgb, and lead can
83
Draw order for a capillary puncture
Lavender first Other tubes with additives in normal draw order No additive tubes last
84
If a patient appears nervous while connecting them to the EKG machine what should you tell them
You have nothing to worry about, this is a nonevasive, safe and painless procedure. All it says is a graphic representation of your hearts electricity
85
What is the hearts electrical pathway
1. SA node 2. AV node 3. Bundle of his 4. Purkinje fibers
86
Where is the SA node located
In the right atrium, it's called pacemaker. Tells your heart when to contract
87
Where is the AV node
Base of the right atrium
88
Bundle of his it's located where
Located at the septum of the wall of the heart separating the right and left sides
89
Purkinje fibers
cause muscles of the ventricles to contract and produce the QRS complex

Lecture tests (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions