Week 4

Question 1

what is the most fundamental assumption underlying qualitative research?

Answer 1

that reality is something socially constructed on an individual basis

Question 2

what are common misconceptions about qualitative research findings?

Answer 2

they are preliminary to quantitative studies, cannot stand alone, and lack generalizability

Question 3

compare and contrast qual and quant research

Answer 3

quant - deductive, breakdown phenomena; fixed process, single reality

qual - inductive; building upon phenomena; multiple realities; overlapping process

Question 4

correlation study

Answer 4

looks at relationship between 2 variables or a variable and an outcome; no causality

Question 5

phenomenological research

Answer 5

focuses on lived experiences of humans

Question 6

grounded theory research

Answer 6

seeks to understand key social psychological processes

Question 7

ethnographic research

Answer 7

focuses on patterns and life ways of a cultural group; goal is to understand the research participants’ views of their world, or the emic view

Question 8

what are types of qual data collection techniques?

Answer 8

focus group interviews, life histories, critical incident interviews, think-aloud method, diaries and journals

Question 9

paradigm

Answer 9

set of practices and beliefs

Question 10

coding

Answer 10

process of breaking down and labeling chunks of text or large amounts of data

Question 11

data reduction

Answer 11

organizing large amounts of data, usually in the form of words, so that it is broken down (or reduced) and labeled (or coded)

Question 12

theme

Answer 12

ideas or concepts that are implicit in the data and are recurrent throughout data; abstractions that reflect phrases, words, or ideas that appear repeatedly as a research analyzes what people what have said about a particular experience, feeling, or situation

Question 13

data saturation

Answer 13

point at which info collected becomes repetitive and redundant of info already collected

Question 14

study design

Answer 14

description of how the qualitative researcher plans to go about answering the research questions; must be congruent with the philosophical beliefs

Question 15

sample

Answer 15

the group of people that the researcher will interview or observe to answer the research questions; usually purposeful in qualitative

Question 16

setting

Answer 16

the places where participants are recruited and the data are collected

Question 17

overview/grand tour questions

Answer 17

are broad questions that seek the “big picture.”

Question 18

what is the goal of qual data analysis?

Answer 18

to find commonalities and differences in the interviews, and then to group these into themes

Question 19

findings

Answer 19

patterns of any kind in the data

Question 20

what are Kearney’s categories for qualitative findings?

Answer 20

1. restricted by priori framework
2. descriptive categories
3. shared pathway or meaning
4. depiction of experiential variation
5. dense explanatory research

RDSDD - really do sometimes do dat

Question 21

what are Kearney’s Modes of Clinical Application for qual research?

Answer 21

a. insight or empathy
b. assessment of status or progress
c. anticipatory guidance
d. coaching

Question 22

what are the 5 qualitative research methods?

Answer 22

phenomenological method, grounded theory method, ethnographic method, community-based participatory research, mixed method research

Question 23

phenomenological method assumption

Answer 23

rests on the assumption that there is structure/essence to shared experiences that can be narrated.

Question 24

grounded theory method

Answer 24

involves systematic set of procedures to arrive at a theory about basic social processes

• based on observations and perceptions of the social scene and evolves during data collection and analysis
• describes a research approach to construct theory where no theory exists, or in situations where existing theory fails to provide evidence to explain a set of circumstances

Question 25

emic view vs etic view

Answer 25

``` emic view (insider view) etic view (outsider view; used in quant analysis) ```

Question 26

community-based participatory research (action research)

Answer 26

systematically accesses the voice of a community to plan context-appropriate action. -provides an alternative to traditional research approaches that assume a phenomenon may be separated from its context for purposes of study

Question 27

mixed methods research

Answer 27

the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in one study

Question 28

what is the criteria for judging scientific rigor?

Answer 28

credibility, auditability and fittingness

Question 29

what is the goal of of Sandelowski and Barroso’s Typology?

Answer 29

not to judge quality of findings, but to assist readers in determining which types of findings should be omitted from evidence influencing practice

Question 30

instrumental utlilization

Answer 30

concrete application of findings that have been made into new forms such as clinical guidelines, standards of care, appraisal tools, algorithms, and intervention protocols

Question 31

symbolic utilization

Answer 31

less concrete and does not result in a true practice change, but rather findings are used to legitimate a position or practice precursor to instrumental utilization

Question 32

conceptual utilization

Answer 32

very intangible and lead to the way in which a user thinks about providing care

Question 33

ontology

Answer 33

a variety of assumptions about what is real

Question 34

epistemology

Answer 34

a variety of ways to learn about and know what is real

Question 35

axiology

Answer 35

valuing subjectivity over objectivity, valuing the particulars (context and social location)

Question 36

ethics

Answer 36

awareness of the impact of the knower on the known, reflexivity