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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY > WEEK 4: Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

WEEK 4: Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

all neural tissue

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

System of nerves involved in thought-processes, heartbeat, visual-motor coordination, and so on

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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3
Q

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and other parts that make it possible for us to receive information

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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4
Q

Central building block of the nervous system

A

NEURONS

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5
Q

its function is to receive and transmit information

A

NEURONS

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6
Q

cell body

A

SOMA

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7
Q

Contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive

A

SOMA

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8
Q

Branching extensions of the soma

A

DENDRITES

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9
Q

Serves as input sites where signals are received from other neurons

A

DENDRITES

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10
Q

A long, segmented fiber that transmits information away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscle and glands

A

AXON

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11
Q

The space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron

A

SYNAPTIC VESICLES

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12
Q

House the neurotransmitters

A

SYNAPTIC VESICLES

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13
Q

The chemical messengers of the nervous system

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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14
Q

Associated with imbalances of one or more neurotransmitter systems

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

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15
Q

Drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

A

PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS

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16
Q

Used in the brain to regulate memory, sleeping, and dreaming

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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17
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with an undersupply of this major neurotransmitter

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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18
Q

An agonist that acts like acetylcholine

A

NICOTINE

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19
Q

Released in response to behaviors such as vigorous exercise, orgasm, and eating spicy foods

A

BETA-ENDORPHIN

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20
Q

MAJOR NEUROTRANSMITTER: are natural pain relievers

A

BETA-ENDORPHIN

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21
Q

Related to the compounds found in drugs such as opium, morphine, and heroine

A

BETA-ENDORPHIN

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22
Q

Produces feelings of pleasure when released by the brain’s reward system, and also involved in learning, movement, motivation, and emotion

A

DOPAMINE

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23
Q

Schizophrenia is linked to increases in _______ activity, whereas Parkinson’s disease is linked to reductions in _________

A

DOPAMINE

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24
Q

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain

A

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

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25
Lack of _______ can lead to involuntary motor actions, including tremors and seizures
GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
26
Alcohol stimulates the release of ________, which inhibits the nervous system and makes us feel drunk
GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
27
A major neurotransmitter that is found in food additive MSG
GLUTAMATE
28
The most common neurotransmitter, released in more than 90% of the brain's synapse
GLUTAMATE
29
Excess ________ can cause overstimulation, migraines, and seizures
GLUTAMATE
30
Release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in the so-called fight-or-flight response
NOREPINEPHRINE
31
Involved in sleep and mood
SEROTONIN
32
Low levels of ___________ are associated with depression
SEROTONIN
33
Drugs designed to treat depression
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)
34
Made up of thick bundles of axons, called neves
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
35
Allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to other areas of the body
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
36
regulates involuntary body and functions like heartbeat and breathing
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
37
Controls our internal organs and glands and is generally considered to be outside the realm of voluntary control
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
38
Involved in preparing the body for stress-related activities
SYMPATHETIC NS
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Associated with returning the body to routine, day-to-day operations
PARASYMPATHETIC NS
40
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
41
Connects the brain to the outside world and acts like a relay station
SPINAL CORD
42
The spinal cord's own system of automatic processes
REFLEX
43
The ones protecting the spinal cord
BONY VERTEBRAE AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
44
An oblong area of the hindbrain; involved in regulation of heartbeat and respiration
MEDULLA
45
A structure of the hindbrain; involved in respiration, sleep, attention and learning
PONS
46
Involved in muscle coordination and balance
CEREBELLUM
47
Part of the brain that filters out unnecessary information to accommodate important ones
RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM (RAS)
48
An area near the center of the brain; relay of sensory information to the cortex; its function is in sleep and attention
THALAMUS
49
A bundle of nuclei below the thalamus and is involved in body temperature, motivation, and emotion
HYPOTHALAMUS
50
A hormone released by hypothalamus that stimulates uterine contractions in labor and childbirth and stimulates contractions of breast tissue to aid in lactation after childbirth
OXYTOCIN
51
A group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum
LIMBIC SYSTEM
52
A part of the limbic system that apparently facilitates stereotypical aggressive responses
AMYGDALA
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The large mass of the forebrain that consists of two hemispheres
CEREBRUM
54
The wrinkled surface area (gray matter) of the cerebrum
CEREBRAL CORTEX
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A thick fiber bundle that connects the hemisphere of the cortex
CORPUS CALLOSUM
56
Body's system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream and essential in maintaining homeostasis
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
57
The chemical regulator of the body
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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An organ that secretes one or more chemical substances such as hormones, saliva, or milk
GLAND
59
A substance secreted by an endocrine gland and regulates various body functions
HORMONE
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Internal/physiological balance
HOMEOSTASIS
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Located near the center of the brain, responsible for controlling the body's growth; also called as the "master gland"
PITUITARY GLAND
62
Secretes hormones that influence our responses to pain and hormones that signals the ovaries and testes to make sex hormones
PITUITARY GLAND
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Secretes the hormone melatonin, which helos regulate the sleep-wake cycle and may affect the onset of puberty
PINEAL GLAND
64
Stores oxytocin and releases it into bloodstream
PITUITARY GLAND
65
A hormone that is involved in aging, is a mild sedative used as a sleeping pill, also help people adjust to jet lag
MELATONIN
66
Produces thyroxin, which affects the body's metabolism
THYROID GLAND
67
The rate at which the body uses oxygen and produces energy
METABOLISM
68
Produces parathormone which is associated with the growth of muscle and bone; located behind the thyroid gland
PARATHYROID GLAND
69
Releases hormone called "calcitonin" to help regulate calcium levels in the blood by decreasing it; also related to the distribution of phosphate in the body
PARATHYROID GLAND
70
Located above the kidneys, and have an outer layer (cortex) and inner core (medulla)
ADRENAL GLAND
71
A hormone in the adrenal cortex that regulates the heartbeat, increases resistance to stress, promotes muscle development, cause the liver to release stored sugar for more energy
CORTICOSTEROIDS
72
Hormones in the adrenal medulla that helps arouse the body to cope with threats and stress, intensifies most emotions like fear and anxiety
EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALINE) & NOREPINEPHRINE (NORADRENALINE)
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Its important function is to secrete hormones when we are excited, threatened, or stressed
ADRENAL MEDULLA
74
Produces insulin and glucagon
PANCREAS
75
Responsible for the conversion of glucose to glycogen and excess glucose to fat
INSULIN
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Blood sugar
GLUCOSE
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Main source of energy
GLYCOGEN
78
Decreases blood sugar levels
INSULIN
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Conversion of glycogen to glucose; increases blood sugar levels
GLUCAGON
80
Produces steroids, among them testosterones and estrogen
GONADS
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Responsible in the development and function of male sex organs
TESTES: TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROGEN
82
Responsible for the build-up and maintenance of the uterus all for embedding of fertilized egg
OVARIES: ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE
83
Location: Front part of the brain. Functions: Personality and Emotions: Controls your emotions, behavior, and personality. Motor Skills: Manages voluntary movements like walking and talking. Thinking and Problem-Solving: Involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and planning.
FRONTAL LOBE
84
Location: Near the top and back of the brain. Functions: Sensory Information: Processes information from the senses like touch, temperature, and pain. Spatial Awareness: Helps you understand the space around you and navigate your environment.
PARIETAL LOBE
85
Location: On the sides of the brain, near the ears. Functions: Auditory Processing: Manages hearing and language comprehension. Memory Formation: Involved in forming and storing memories.
TEMPORAL LOBE
86
Location: At the back of the brain. Functions: Vision Processing: Primarily responsible for processing visual information from the eyes.
OCCIPITAL LOBE

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (7 decks)

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