Week 4, Chpt 4

Question 1

networks

Answer 1

• diverse, decentralized, highly visible, flexible, distributive

Question 2

Metcalfe’s Law

Answer 2

• value of network increases with the number of connections it contains

Question 3

Benkler

Answer 3

• wealth of networks

Question 4

social production

Answer 4

• collaborate, non-proprietary, not market driven (“crowd sourcing”, from consumers to users
• sharing or gift economy

Question 5

participatory media

Answer 5

• long history of DIY
• de-professionalization, de-institutionalization, and de-capitalism
• situated with a larger context of convergence culture
• Henry Jenkins

Question 6

convergence culture

Answer 6

• flow of media content across a range of different devices and distribution systems, shaped by both new media technologies, industrial economics, and audience/user practices

Question 7

industrial economics

Answer 7

• media synergy and consolidation (vertical and horizontal expansion)

Question 8

audience/user practices

Answer 8

• producing, sharing/spreading, connecting

Question 9

What does Jenkins mean by saying that convergence culture is both a “top down” and “bottom up” process?

Answer 9

• professionals and amateurs contributing

Question 10

Our use of digital participatory media can be see as a form of _______.

Answer 10

• immaterial labour

Question 11

content we create is _____, not owned by us.

Answer 11

• monetized

Question 12

Examples of participatory media as reproducing inequalities/hate

Answer 12

• racism
• sexism
• homophobia
• islamophobia

Question 13

Cambridge Analytica’s use of psychometric methods in Trump campaign is an example of what?

Answer 13

• participatory media as generating “big data” about us

Question 14

social media networks/platforms

Answer 14

• incorporates both the logic of networks and participatory media

Question 15

Boyd says “social network sites” allow users to what?

Answer 15

• construct a public or semi-public profile

- make a list of other users to whom they are connected; view and navigate such lists of connections

Question 16

Nancy Fraser

Answer 16

• subaltern counterpublics

Question 17

Jurgen Habermas

Answer 17

• public sphere

Question 18

Subaltern counterpublics

Answer 18

• parallel discursive arenas where members of subordinated social groups intent and circulate counter discourses of reformulate oppositional interpretations of their identities, interests, and needs.

Question 19

Networked publics

Answer 19

• online spaces, such as social media platforms allow publics to gather across time and space

Question 20

4 properties of networked publics

Answer 20

1) persistence - extends period of existence
2) searchability - allows for one’s digital body to be easily found
3) replicability - digital data can be easily copied
4) invisible audiences - were cannot visibly detect everyone in a networked public