week 4 digestive system Flashcards by Donna Hernandez

This gland breaks down carbs and hormones…

Submandibular gland

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The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine are all part of ___________ _________ or _________ _________

Gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal

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Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder & pancreas are all part of the _______ ___________ ____________

accesory digestive organs

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The Duodenum is the 1st part of the _______ __________

Small intestine

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This serves for thermal regulation of the organs and as a shock absorber for the abdomen

Fatty apron

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True or false - Carbohydrates are the fastest and easiest thing for your body to absorb.

True

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The mucosa is a mucous membrane of the GI tract is composed of: 1. ________, 2__________ & 3.____________

Epithelium (deep), Lamina propia (middle) & muscularis mucosae (superficial)

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A meshwork of collagenous fibers, nerves & blood vessels, the _________ regulates movements of mucosa, vasoconstriction of blood vessels & secretory cells.

Submucosa

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Consisting of an inner sheet of circular fibers and outer sheet of longitudinal fibers, this myenteric plexus controls movement of food…

Muscularis

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The superficial layer of the GI tract composed of areolar connective tissue & epithelium also known as visceral peritoneum is also called…

Serosa

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Parietal peritonum which then covers and protects the individually wrapped visceral peritonum is compared to a ______ _________ _____

large ziploc bag

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The deepest layer and internal substance of the Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue of GI tract is also known as the ________

Lumen

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The fatty apron of the peritoneum is also known as the _________ __________

Greater omentum

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With lesser curvature and smaller than the greater omentum, also part of the 5 major peritonal folds, this is known as the _______ ____________

lesser omentum

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These two parts of the 5 major peritoneal folds are known for filling in gaps of the digestive system…

Mesocolon & Mesentery

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Another word for fluid in the abdomen (peritonitis) or fluncal obesity

asitism

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True or False - the Falciform ligament is part of the 5 major peritoneal folds.

True

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This part of the peritoneal folds adheres to the left lobe of the liver…

Falciform ligament

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The labial frenulum connects ____________ to ___________

mouth to gums

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This muscle is responsible for helping with chewing

Buccinator

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This muscle is responsible for biting strength and is known as one of the strongest muscles in the body…

masseter

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The parotid(Stenson’s) glands, submandibular(Wharton’s) glands and sublingual(Rivinus) glands are 3 pairs of…..

Major salivary glands

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Which glands do the mumps affect?

Parotid (stensen’s)

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True or False - Sympathetic innervation has most influence on saliva

False - of the two, the parasympathetic has most influence

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Salivary amylase plays a minor role in the breakdown of...

starch in the mouth

Fats get broke down in the

Small Intestine

This is known as an accessory digestive organ composed of skeletal muscle with mucous membrane. It has extrinsic, intrinsic muscles and lingual frenulum.

The Tongue

Papillae, fungiform, vallate, foliate & filiform papillae are all receptors of ______________

Gustation (Taste buds)

This extends from the internal nares to the esophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly. It's composed of skeletal muscle & lined by mucous membrane.

The Pharynx

Deglutition is a mechanism that...

moves food from mouth to stomach

Name the three parts of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Which two parts make up the esophagus

Upper esophageal sphincter & lower esophageal sphincter

The elevation of the ___________ causes the sphincter to relax,allowing the bolus to enter esophagus.

larynx

This serves as lubrication for bolus (large dose of food) and reduces friction

mucus

Which of the two esophageal sphincters connect the esophagus to the stomach?

Lower esophageal sphincter (gastroesophageal or cardiac)

What is the #1 type of esophageal disease?

heart burn - can lead to cancer

This is known as a J-shaped enlargement of the GI tract...

The Stomach

The stomach connects the __________ to the ___________ known as the pylorus (antrum & canal)

esophagus to duodenum

The stomach functions as a mixing area and ________ ____________

holding reservoir

The cardia, fundus, body and pylorus are 4 main regions of the _______

stomach

Gastric pits in the stomach create _____________ _______ to help break down food

Hydrochloric acid

The rugae of mucosa has ________

wrinkles

Rugae of mucosa without wrinkles are known as _______ _______

gastric ulcers

Gastric glands contain 3 types of exocrine gland cells: ________ neck cells _______ cells & _________ cells which increase acidic environment

mucous neck cells, chief cells & parietal cells

The outer longitudinal layer, middle circular layer and inner oblique layer make up the ________ of the stomach

Muscularis

The simple squamous epithelium, visceral peritoneum & areolar connective tissue compose the ______ of the stomach

Serosa

What enzyme breaks down fats?

lipase

As part of digestion, what is the protein-digesting enzyme?

pepsin

Mixing saliva, food and gastric juices by muscular waves in the stomach produces what thick liquid?

chyme

What 2 enzymes are involved in digestion break down fats?

gastric lipase | pancreatic lipase

What is the clinical connection associated to digestion?

vomiting

What is the term for inflammation of the pancreas?

pancreatitus

What is the next stage of pancreatitus?

pancreatic cancer

What are the 3 major anatomy of the pancreas?

head, body, tail

What organ serves all macronutrients?

pancreas

What organ regulates blood glucose levels?

pancreas

What are the 4 different types of pancreatic cells?

1) alpha cells - produce glucagon 2) beta cells - produce insulin 3) delta cells - secrete somatostatin 4) PP cells - secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

What are the principle triglyceride digesting enzyme in adults?

1) pancreatic lipase | 2) nucleic acid-digesting enzymes (ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease)

Enzymes that digest protein in the pancreas:

1) trypsin 2) chymotrypsin 3) carboxypeptidase

An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests starch.

pancreatic amylase

What substance is secreted by the pancreas that contains digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients?

pancreatic juice

What cells produce and secrete hormones that underlie the endocrine function of the pancreas?

pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

T/F liver has only one lobe

F - liver is divided into two lobes

What ligament attaches the liver to the anterior body wall?

Falciform ligament

What ligament attaches the liver posteriorly and is round?

Ligamentum teres (also called round ligaments of the liver)

What ligament attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

Coronary ligament

What are the 3 sections of the gallbladder?

fundus, body, neck

What is the clinical connection of the liver/gallbladder?

hepatitis

In the liver, ______ (also known as parenchymal cells) secrete bile that is collected in a thin tube called ________

Hepatocytes, Bile canaliculi

The bile canaliculi merge and form _______, which eventually become ________.

bile ductules, common hepatic ducts

The _________ is the short duct that joins the gallbladder to the ________.

cystic duct, Common bile duct

_____ serves as a location for the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.

Hepatic sinusoids blood capillaries

Hepatocytes, bile duct system and hepatic | sinusoids can be organized into anatomical and functional units in three different ways:

1. hepatic lobule 2. portal lobule 3. hepatic acinus

Distinctive arrangement in the liver. Consists of 5 structures: proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct, lymphatic vessels, branch of the vagus nerve

portal triad

What are the 5 F's of gallbladder disease?

1) Female 2) Fat 3) Fertile 4) Forty 5) Fair

Functions of the liver:

1) Emulsification, 2) Absorption, 3) Hepatopancreatic ampulla, 4) Carbohydrate metabolism, 5) Lipid metabolism, 6) Protein metabolism, 7) Processing of drugs and hormones, 8) Excretion of bilirubin, 9) Synthesis of bile salts, 10)Storage, 11)Phagocytosis, 12)Activation of vitamin D, 13)Clinical connection: gallstones

What are the 3 regions of the small intestines?

1) Duodenum (first part) 2) Jejunum (middle) 3) Ileum (last part)

Has an hour glass shape where the small intestines meets the large intestines then down to the appendix.

Ileocecal sphincter

Ileocecal valve is also looked at for breeched babies. (T/F)