Week 4 Flash Cards

(41 cards)

1
Q

What is a common sign of viral pneumonia?

A

Dry cough

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2
Q

What is a risk factor for ACTIVE PULMONARY TB

A

Immunosuppression

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3
Q

What are signs/symptoms (2) of BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

A
  1. Productive cough

2. Parenchymal infiltrates

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4
Q

What organism causes TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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5
Q

What is found in x-ray findings in TB?

A

Ghon Tubercle

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6
Q

Which Ig is associated with inhaled allergens in asthma?

A

IgE

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7
Q

Lack of _______ in emphysema leads to alveolar destruction?

A

Alpha anti-trypsin

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8
Q

Inflammation, Mucosal Edema, Bronchoconstriction

are associated with?

A

Allergic forms of asthma

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9
Q

Emphysema causes destruction to alveolar walls due to release of ______ enzymes from immune cells

A

Proteolytic

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10
Q

Chronic bronchitis leads to _____ due to increased _________ resistance

A

1) cor pulmonale

2) pulmonary vascular

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11
Q

Bronchoconstriction, bronchial mucosal edema, hypersecretion of mucus, and hypoxemia are associated with?

A

Acute Asthma Attack

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12
Q

Chronic inflammatory disorder, airway responsiveness, genetic susceptibility, and airway remodeling are characteristics of?

A

Asthma

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13
Q

Thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy are parts of airway obstruction in?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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14
Q

Productive cough is seen in patients with?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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15
Q

Use of accessory muscles, expiratory wheezing, coughing, and feeling of chest tightness are part of?

A

An acute asthma episode

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16
Q

What is a life-threatening complication of asthma?

A

Status asthmaticus

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17
Q

What is the hallmark for acute respiratory distress syndrome?

18
Q

What are the 2 signs of pneumothorax (collapsing of lungs)

A

1) Tracheal Shift

2) Respiratory distress

19
Q

What is the cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (lung condition that deals with inhalation of allergens)

A

Inhalation of organic substances

20
Q

What are the two types of restrictive respiratory disorders?

A

1) Pneumothorax

2) ARDS

21
Q

Air that enters pleural space during inhalation but unable to exit during expiration leads to?

A

Tension pneumothorax

The piercing into lungs, lungs are collapsed and cannot exhale

22
Q

Loss of alveolar walls, immunological in nature, and “honeycomb” appearance on x-rays are all part of?

A

Interstitial lung disease

23
Q

Presence of CD4 cells, non-productive cough, granulomas, fatigue, weight loss, and fever are common characteristics of?

A

Sarcoidosis (an autoimmune disorder)

24
Q

Dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, and tracheal shift are clinical manifestation of?

A

Pleural Effusion (fluid build up in pleural cavity)

25
What is a risk factor for hypophosphatemia?
Magnesium-Aluminum antacids
26
What is a risk factor for hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid secretes sodium) Hyper- (more)
27
What 2 things increases neuromuscular excitability?
1) Hypocalcemia | 2) Hypomagnesemia
28
Diarrhea causes?
Metabolic acidosis
29
What is a sign of hypernatremia?
Confusion
30
Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias are manifestations of?
Hypokalemia | low potassium
31
Chronic alcoholism is a cause for
Hypomagnesemia
32
Decreased urine output is a symptom of
Clinical Dehydration
33
Decreased antiduretic hormone can cause
Hypernatremia
34
CONFUSION, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures are clinical manifestations of
Hyponatremia
35
What is the COMPENSATION for metabolic alkalosis?
Hypoventilation
36
Hyperventilation can cause ______ alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
37
What is a sign of metabolic acidosis?
Headaches
38
Respiratory acidosis includes increase in ______ acid
Increase in bicarbonate acid
39
Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is shown by elevated ______ ion concentrations
Elevated bicarbonate ion concentrations
40
Hypoventilation can lead to _____ acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
41
Kidney are not able to excrete ______ acids
carbonic acids