Week 4: Intro to Routing Flashcards by Mark Philips

What are Routed Protocols?

Protocols that can carry network layer information

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What are Routing Protocols?

Protocols used by routers to make path determination choices & to share those choices with other routers

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List some characteristics of Routed Protocols

Have packet headers that contain network layer addresses

Developed to support network consisting of multiple networks or subnetworks

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List some characteristics of Routing Protocols

Performs dynamic route selection/decision

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List some examples of Routed Protocols

IP, IPX, AppleTalk

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List some Examples of Routing Protocols

RIP, OSPF, BGP

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Define the term Routing

Routing refers to taking a packet from one device & sending it through the network to another device on a different network.

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What are the minimum factors a router must know to route packets?

Destination address
Neighbor routers
Possible routes
Best route
How to maintain &amp; verify routing information

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What are the only concerns of a router?

Possible destination networks and the best path to each network. They don’t care about hosts

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What are the fundamental functions of a router?

Best Path Selections and forwarding packets to destination

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What are the two types of Dynamic routing?

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) and Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

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What are the 2 types of IGP’s?

Distance Vector Protocols (DVPs)

Link State Protocols (LSPs)

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Name the three DVP Protocols

Routing Information Protocol (RIPv1/2)
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

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Name the two LSP Protocols

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)

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What is the difference between Static & Dynamic Routing

In static routing, next hop routes are manually configured in the routers. In dynamic routing, routers share information to learn the route to a certain destination

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What Protocols are used in Dynamic Routing?

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

What is the basic procedure that all Routing Protocol Algorithms follow?

Send & receive updates
Calculate best path; install routes
Detect & react to topology changes

List the criteria used to compare routing protocols

Time to Convergence
Scalability
Resource Usage
Implementation & Maintenance

List the two key concepts for Routing

Metric and Convergence

What is a Metric?

A value used to define the suitability of a particular route. Used by routers to determine which routes are better than others

What is Convergence?

A state where all routers on the internetwork share a common view of the internetwork routes

List the types of routing metrics used by routing protocols

Hop Count
Bandwidth
Delay
Load
Reliability
Cost

What is an Autonomous System?

A system that uses IGPs as routing protocols; A group of routers under the control of a single administration

Where are IGP’s used?

Inside of an Autonomous System (AS)

Where are EGP's used?

Between multiple Autonomous Systems (AS)

What is a Stub Network?

Networks with one route to the internet

What is a Stub Router?

Routers with only one route out | Usually the last in a chain of routers

What are the three Routing Principles?

1. Every router makes its decision alone, based on the information it has in its own routing table 2. The fact that one router has certain information in its routing table does not mean that other routers have the same information 3. Routing information about a path from one network to another does not provide routing information about the reverse, or return path

What is a Default Static Route?

A route that will match all packets

What is Route Summarization?

The process of combining a number of static routes into a single static route

What is the benefit of summarizing a route?

Reduces the size of the routing table

What are the steps in configuring a summary route?

1. Delete the current static route 2. Configure the summary static route 3. Verify the new static route

What is the Cisco IOS command to configure Static Routes?

ip route {network-address} {subnet-mask} {interface}

Can existing static routes set via ip route be modified?

No, the old static route must be deleted

What is the Cisco IOS command to delete a Static Route?

no ip route {network-address} {subnet-mask} {interface}

How is a Default Static Route configured via Cisco IOS commands?

Similar to configuring a static route, except that the Destination IP and Subnet Mask are all 0's e.g. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {interface}