Week 4 - Joints Flashcards
Name the three types of joints
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Give an example of a Fibrous joint
Structures between cranial bones
Give an example of Cartilaginous joint
Intervertebral discs
Give an example of a synovial joint
Hinge (elbow)
State the range of movement at the Fibrous joint
Little to no movement
State the range of movement at the Cartilaginous joint
Small amount of movement
Name two types of synovial joints
- Hinge Joints
- Ball and Socket Joints
State the function of the synovial membrane
Connective tissue which lines the inner surface of the capsule of a synovial joint and secretes synovial fluid
Describe two homeostatic imbalances that occur at synovial joints
- Sprains
- Dislocations
Describe a sprain
- Twisting of joint that stretches or tears ligaments (mostly ankle, knee, lumbar spine)
- Painful & immobilising
- May damage nearby blood vessels, muscles or tendons
- Swelling and haemorrhage from blood vessels
Describe a dislocation
Displacement of a bone from a joint
What is most commonly dislocated?
Jaw, shoulder, fingers, thumbs
What are the different types of range of movements?
- Extension
- Flexion
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Circumduction
- Rotation
- Hyperextension
- Inversion
- Eversion
- Planter flexion
- Dorsiflexion
- Pronation
- Supination
What type of joints can preform Flexion and extension?
- Elbow
- Knee
- Hip
- Shoulder
What type of joints can preform Abduction and adduction?
- Hip
- Shoulder
What types of joints can preform Circumduction?
- Hip
- Shoulder
- Wrist
What type of joints can preform rotation?
- Head
- Shoulder
- Hip
Define Hyperextension
Joint has been forced to move beyond its normal range of motion
What joints can hyperextend?
- Knees
- Ankles
- Elbow
- Neck
- Fingers
What joint can preform Inversion, Eversion, Planter flexion and dorsiflexion?
Ankle
What joint can preform supination and pronation?
Proximal radioulnar joint. (Forearm)
Where is the Menisci located?
Attached to the shinbone (Tibia)
What are the 3 functions of the Menisci?
- Act to disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement. (the menisci spread the load of the body’s weight.) - Provide Stability
- Absorb Shock
- Provide lubrication and nutrition to the knee joint.
Location of the Bursae
Are located next to the tendons near large joints (Shoulders, knees, hips, elbows)
