Week 4 - kidney Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • bladders
  • urethra
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2
Q

What are the major connections to the kidney?

A
  • renal artery (unfiltered blood )
  • renal vein (filtered blood)
  • ureter (urine exits to bladder )
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3
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A
  • ventilation, acid-base homeostasis
  • osmoregulation, thirst, ventilation
  • blood pressure and cardiac rhythm
  • blood pressure potassium
  • calcium, phosphate acid -base homeostasis in bones
  • metabolism - potassium
  • calcium, phosphate
  • metabolism, detoxification in liver
  • tissue oxygenation in blood platelets
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4
Q

name the kidney histology complex

A

Capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Papilla
Calyces

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5
Q

What is the capsule

A
  • made of connective tissue
  • supported by underlying stomal cells (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts)
  • capsule preserves hydrostatic pressure needed for filtrations
  • stromal cells can also help repair the injured kidney
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6
Q

What is the cortex?

A
  • Directly underlies capsule
  • contains filtration units (renal corpuscle of nephron)
  • typically nephrons begin in cortex and convolute through medulla, end up in papilla
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7
Q

What is a nephron?

A
  • funcitonal unit of kidney - production of urine - approx. 1 mio nephrons in each kidney
  • consists of simple, single-layer epithelium alonf their entire length
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8
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A
  • dense, ball like structure enclosing a tuft of capillaries (glomerulus)
  • site of blood filtration - ultrafiltration
  • always located in cortex
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9
Q

What is the renal tubule?

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - found in renal cortex
  • loop of henle - mostly in medulla
  • distal convoluted tubule - renal cortex
    Collecting tubules/ducts - in medulla
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10
Q

How much urine is produced by humans in a day?

A

1-2 litres of urine

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11
Q

How many types of urine are there?

A

3 - in different parts of the cortex

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12
Q

What characterises a nephron?

A

Long and short loops of henle

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13
Q

How do nephrons alter urine content?

A
  • afferent arteriole
  • reacts to pressure
  • low = produces renin that cleaves angiotensisn 2
  • constricts the efferent arterioles results in higher pressure more filtration
  • renin stored in granules in smooth muscle cells of arteriole
  • negative feedback can reduce renin
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14
Q
A
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