Week 4 - kidney Flashcards
1
Q
What does the urinary system consist of?
A
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- bladders
- urethra
2
Q
What are the major connections to the kidney?
A
- renal artery (unfiltered blood )
- renal vein (filtered blood)
- ureter (urine exits to bladder )
3
Q
What are the functions of the kidney?
A
- ventilation, acid-base homeostasis
- osmoregulation, thirst, ventilation
- blood pressure and cardiac rhythm
- blood pressure potassium
- calcium, phosphate acid -base homeostasis in bones
- metabolism - potassium
- calcium, phosphate
- metabolism, detoxification in liver
- tissue oxygenation in blood platelets
4
Q
name the kidney histology complex
A
Capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Papilla
Calyces
5
Q
What is the capsule
A
- made of connective tissue
- supported by underlying stomal cells (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts)
- capsule preserves hydrostatic pressure needed for filtrations
- stromal cells can also help repair the injured kidney
6
Q
What is the cortex?
A
- Directly underlies capsule
- contains filtration units (renal corpuscle of nephron)
- typically nephrons begin in cortex and convolute through medulla, end up in papilla
7
Q
What is a nephron?
A
- funcitonal unit of kidney - production of urine - approx. 1 mio nephrons in each kidney
- consists of simple, single-layer epithelium alonf their entire length
8
Q
What is the renal corpuscle?
A
- dense, ball like structure enclosing a tuft of capillaries (glomerulus)
- site of blood filtration - ultrafiltration
- always located in cortex
9
Q
What is the renal tubule?
A
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - found in renal cortex
- loop of henle - mostly in medulla
- distal convoluted tubule - renal cortex
Collecting tubules/ducts - in medulla
10
Q
How much urine is produced by humans in a day?
A
1-2 litres of urine
11
Q
How many types of urine are there?
A
3 - in different parts of the cortex
12
Q
What characterises a nephron?
A
Long and short loops of henle
13
Q
How do nephrons alter urine content?
A
- afferent arteriole
- reacts to pressure
- low = produces renin that cleaves angiotensisn 2
- constricts the efferent arterioles results in higher pressure more filtration
- renin stored in granules in smooth muscle cells of arteriole
- negative feedback can reduce renin
14
Q
A