Week 4 salivary gland

Question 1

Describe minor glands

Answer 1

Secrete continuously and are under local control - keep thinks lubricated

Question 2

When do major glands secrete?

Answer 2

In response to parasympathetic activity which is induced by physical, chemical and psychological stimuli

Question 3

How much saliva does a human produce a day?

Answer 3

600-1500ml

Question 4

What is contained in hypotonic watery secretion?

Answer 4

• mucus
• enzymes (amylase,lipase,lysozyme)
• antibodies (lgA)
• inorganic ions

Question 5

What will the composition of saliva depend on?

Answer 5

Which glands is most active

Question 6

What are the functions of saliva?

Answer 6

• lubrication
• buffering
• maintaining tooth integrity
• antibacterial function
• taste and digestion

Question 7

What does amylase digest?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Question 8

What is the function of salivary mucous?

Answer 8

Lubrication, teeth protection

Question 9

How are salivary glands innervated?

Answer 9

Directly, indirectly, sympathetically, parasympathetically

Question 10

Nerves involved in innervation

Answer 10

Parotid gland - otic ganglion
Tongue - glossopharyngeal nerve
Tongue connected to glands via cranial nerves

Question 11

What evokes a lot of saliva?

Answer 11

Parasympathetic stimulation

Question 12

What carries the parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands?

Answer 12

Cranial nerves

Question 13

What influences saliva production?

Answer 13

Sight of food
Chewing
Gender
Mood
Taste

Question 14

How does the parotid gland receive its parasympathetic input?

Answer 14

From the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9) via the otic ganglion

Question 15

By what nerve do the submandibular and sublingual glands receive their parasympathetic input from?

Answer 15

Facial nerve (CN7) via submandibular ganglion

Question 16

Via what nerves does direct sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands come from?

Answer 16

Preganglionic nerves

Question 17

What happens to the blood flow to secretory acini during salivary secretion?

Answer 17

Increased via parasympathetic stimulation and ultrafiltration from plasma (mostly serous fluid) enters the acini

Question 18

What happens to the filtrate from cells?

Answer 18

• enters lumen of acinar cells
• mixing with secreted mucus and alpha-amylase
• creates primary secretion

Question 19

How and where is the primary secretion modified?

Answer 19

• passed through the ducts in the mouth
• lingual lipase (secreted form vin Ebner glands of the tongue) added to saliva in mouth

Question 20

name the main types of secretory cells

Answer 20

• serous cells
• mucous cells

Question 21

What other gastrointestinal cell type is similar to serous cells in salivary glands?

Answer 21

Chief cells - produce pepsin - digestive enzymes

Question 22

Describe serous cells

Answer 22

• zymogen granules: enzyme-containing and found apically
• nucei basally located rounded with dispersed chromatin

Question 23

Describe mucous cells

Answer 23

• mucigen granules within these cells are poorly stained
• nuclei characteristically are flattened against basement membrane

Question 24

Where can a serous demilune be found and what is it?

Answer 24

In mixed secretory units, where mucous cells predominate, a semilunar cap of serous cells is seen - serous demilune

Question 25

where is mucous cells also found in?

Answer 25

Oesophageal submucosal glands

Question 26

What does the salivary secretory unit consist of?

Answer 26

Terminal branched tubulo-acinar strcture

Question 27

What type of cells can make up a terminal branched tubulo-acinar structure?

Answer 27

Serous, mucous secretory cells or a mixture of both

Question 28

What and where is serous demilunes?

Answer 28

- in mixed secretory units where mucous cells predominate, serous cells often form serous demilunes

Question 29

What is the job of myoepithelial cells?

Answer 29

Surround the secretory units to push saliva through

Question 30

What lines intercalated ducts?

Answer 30

Secretory cells

Question 31

What do intercalated ducts drain into?

Answer 31

Striated ducts

Question 32

What creates striations?

Answer 32

Presence of interdigitations of the basal cytoplasmic processes of columnar lining cells

Question 33

What do serous cells secrete?

Answer 33

A fluid isotonic with plasma

Question 34

What happens in the striated ducts?

Answer 34

Ions are reabsorbed and secreted to produce hypotonic saliva containing less Na+/Cl- and more K+/HCO3- than plasma

Question 35

What do mitochondria do in this process?

Answer 35

Pack the basal processes, provide the energy for ion transport

Question 36

What is the pattern of the general architecture of the major salivary glands?

Answer 36

Pattern of the parotid gland

Question 37

What is the gland divided into?

Answer 37

Numerous lobules, each containing many secretory units

Question 38

Connective tissue septa radiate between…

Answer 38

Lobules from an outer capsule and carry blood vessels, nerves, large excretory ducts

Question 39

What does the parotid gland consist of?

Answer 39

Mainly serous secretory units which are darkly stained in H&E

Question 40

What do serous cells have?

Answer 40

- numerous zymogen granules - strongly stained cytoplasmic granules containing proteins - nuclei rounded with dispersed chromatin, usually occupy a more central position within the cell

Question 41

what are striated ducts?

Answer 41

- lined by tall columnar cells with large nuceli located towards the apex of the cell

Question 42

Why is the basal cytoplasm striated in striated ducts?

Answer 42

Due to basal interdigitations of adjacent cells and columns of mitochondria

Question 43

What are myoepithelial cells?

Answer 43

Surround the acini and force the secretions form the acinar lumen into the duct system

Question 44

Where are myoepithelial cells located?

Answer 44

Located between basal plasma cell membranes of secretory cells and the basement membrane

Question 45

How do myoepithelial cells look like?

Answer 45

Flattened cell with long cell processed which extend around the acinus