week 4 - language acquisition and development Flashcards
Learning language requires what four competencies?
Phonological Development, Semantic Development, Syntactic Development, and Pragmatic Development.
What is Phonological Development?
the acquisition of the sound system of the language the child is exposed to.
What are Phononems?
The individual elements of sound that make up words.
What is prosody?
the particular rhythm, tempo, cadence, melody and intonation pattern used when speaking a language.
What is semantic development?
the acquisition of meaning in a language, including lexical development (word learning).
What morpheme?
which is the smaller part of a word with meaning.
What are morphological rules?
a set of rules that specifies how morphemes combine to form words.
What is syntactic development?
the acquisition of the grammar of a language, which includes word order; subject-verb agreement; case marking, etc.
What is syntax?
a set of rules that specifies how words can be combined to form sentences.
What is pragmatic development?
the acquisition of how a language is used in a particular society. Includes sarcasm, irony, etc.
What does language look like in infants?
crying from 0 months, 1-5 months early perception can discriminate between sounds.
What is language like from 5 to 8 months?
early sounds and babbling.
How many words can babies understand at 10 months old?
about 30.
What is language like at 14-16 months?
one word stage, child begins to produce words, has a spoken vocabulary of about 50 words.
What is language like at 18-24 months?
Child begins to form 2 word sentences.
What is language like at 24 months?
Child has a spoken vocabulary of about 320 words.
What is language like at 30 months?
Child has a spoken vocabulary of about 600 words.
What is language like from 36 months onward?
Child begins to use grammar, words like “to” “in” etc. sentences.
What does language look like at age 5-6?
Child has a vocabulary of about 15,000 words.
What size vocabulary do educated adults have?
40-50 thousand words.
What is motherese’?
The term used by previous literature to refer to Infant directed talk/speech (IDT/IDS).
What are the characteristics of Infant directed talk/speech (IDT/IDS)?
not used in all cultures. Usually an emotional term, warm, higher, slow speech with longer pauses, exaggerated facial expression.
What are the advantages of infant directed talk/speech (IDT/IDS)?
it helps to emphasize word and phrase boundaries making it easier for the baby to segment words from the continuous speech.
What have the results been for research on IDT/IDS?
infants prefer it, infants are better able to replicate speech when presented this way.
