Week 4 - Planning and promoting community health Flashcards
What is health promotion
A political, ecological and capacity building process, aimed at arranging the social and structural determinants of health in a what that facilitates health
The process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health (WHO 1986)
what are some health promotion activities
- Preventing illness/injury
- Promoting healthy living
- Responding to place-based conditions that affect health
- Advocating fro structural conditions to support people’s choices for health
- Ensuring there is appropriate care
describe public health
Aimed at preventing disease and promoting the health of populations.
- Measurement and surveillance
- Development of evidence based strategies
what is population health
Addresses disparities in health status between different groups
what is primary health care
A philosophy and an organising framework for care
define ‘old public health’
Biomedical approach
Guided by medical knowledge, political factors and the availability of financial and personal resources
Declaration of Alma-Alta 1978
New public health
Empowering people to have control over decisions that affected health in their families and communities
define new public health approach
Communities decide priorities and preferences for health from where people live, work and play.
Places the communities at the centre of health decision making
What were the objectives of the Ottawa charter
Clarify the conditions and resources required to provide health for all people and to define the prerequisites for health
- Peace
- Stable ecosystem
- Social justice and equity
- Resources (eduction, food, income etc)
What did the Ottawa Charter for Health promotion seek to achieve
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Emphasises the importance of promoting health at a global level and identifies the fundamental conditions and resources for community health
5 major strategies of the Ottawa Charter
1) Build healthy public policy
2) Create supportive environments
3) Strengthen community action
4) Develop personal skills
5) Reorient health services
define social justice
Aimed at overcoming inequalities (bias and disadvantage) and inequities (unfair distribution of health care and other resources) through action of the SDH at all levels of society
what did the Millennium Development Goals set out to achieve?
Address the effects of extreme poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter and exclusion, and were designed to promote education, gender equality and environmental sustainability of developing countries
what are the 8 Millennium Development Goals
1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2) Achieve universal primary education
3) Promote gender equitlity & empower women
4) Reduce child mortality
5) Improve maternal health
6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7) Ensure environmental sustainability
8) Develop a global partnership for development
Human security instead of national security
Securing food, income, health care, housing, education, peace and a viable and sustainable environment
what is a Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
A systematic approach to assessing the potential health impacts of policies, plans or projects on populations using a range of quantitative, qualitative and participatory techniques
what is Health Education
Knowledge + Capacity
As a health promotion strategy health education facilitates empowerment by showing people where to access appropriate, relevant information on health and how to use it to build health capacity
what is motivational interviewing
Encourages people to examine their actual and ideal health behaviours.
Is intended to support the partnership approach to health education as a way of building people’s confidence in their ability to change
Motivational Interviewing 4 steps
1) Engaging
2) Focusing
3) Evoking
4) Planning
Major element of health promotion
Preventing ill health or injury is an instrumental goal of Primary Health Care
Levels of prevention
1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Tertiary
what is primary prevention
Promote health by removing the precipitating causes and determinants of ill health or injury
Eg. Vaccination, education, promoting healthy lifestyle, protecting the physical, social and cultural environments
what is secondary prevention
- Steps taken to recover from illness
- to guard against any deterioration in health
- screening for early detections and treatment of disease
- any measure to limit disability
what is tertiary prevention
Restorative actions
- Rehabilitation
- Transitions to community care
Providing support
