Week 4 - Study Cards

Question 1

What is Intravenous Infusion?

Answer 1

The administration of fluids or medications through a vein

Medications, electrolyte solutions, and blood and blood

Question 2

What are advantages of intravenous infusion?

Answer 2

Immediate availability of the medication to the body

Rapidity of action

Question 3

Why is intravenous infusion ordered?

Answer 3

Restore or maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Replace lost fluids
Medium for administering medications directly to the blood stream

Question 4

Replacement fluids

Answer 4

Client who has lost fluids due to diarrhea, vomiting, or hemorrhage

Question 5

Maintenance fluids

Answer 5

Sustain normal levels of fluids and electrolytes for clients at risk for depletion (e.g., a client NPO).

Question 6

Intermittent fluids

Answer 6

Are used to administer medications and supplemental fluids. E.g. IV piggyback (IVPB) and IV push
Intermittent peripheral infusion devices
saline or heparin locks are used to maintain venous access without the need of continuous infusion

Question 7

Continuous medication infusion

Answer 7

Administration of medication by direct IV infusion

Question 8

Peripheral lines

Answer 8

The infusion site is a vein in the arm, hand, or scalp in an infant; or if other sites are not accessible and on rare occasions, a vein in the leg

Question 9

Central Lines

Answer 9

A special catheter is used to access a large vein such as the subclavian or jugular vein
The special catheter is threaded through a large vein into the right atrium. Examples of central catheters include triple-lumen, Hickman, Broviac, and Groshong catheters

Question 10

PICC Line

Answer 10

Peripherally inserted central catheter line: a peripheral vein used to access a central vein.

Question 11

Purpose of a Saline or Heparin lock

Answer 11

Administer IV medication intermittently

Access to a vein in an emergency situation

Question 12

Intravenous Primary line

Answer 12

Carries main IV solution; is continuous

May have additives such as potassium or vitamins

Question 13

Intravenous Secondary line

Answer 13

Usually connected to primary (variety of
systems)
Contains solutions of smaller volume with
medications
Usually intermittent (IVPB)

Question 14

Macro drops

Answer 14

supplied as 10, 15 or 20 gtts/mL

Question 15

Micro drops

Answer 15

All peds are micro drops

supplied as 60 gtts/mL

Question 16

Infusion Pumps

Answer 16

The use of electronic infusion devices is based on the need to strictly regulate the IV
Electronic volumetric pumps infuse fluids into the vein under pressure and against resistance and do not depend on gravity.
The pumps are programmed to deliver a set amount of fluid per hour

Question 17

What is Heparin?

Answer 17

Heparin is a potent anticoagulant that prevents clot formation and blood coagulation

Question 18

Risk of Heparin

Answer 18

The U.S. Pharmacopoeia listed heparin as one of the top 10 medications most frequently involved in medication errors
Heparin is classified as a high-alert medication because it carries a significant risk of causing serious injuries or death to patients if misused

Question 19

True or False: Heparin sodium injection and Heparin lock solution can be used interchangeably

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

True or False: Heparin is a weight based infusion

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Rounding rules based off weight

Answer 21

If patient is more than 10 kg round to the nearest 10th; If patient is less than 10 kg round to the nearest 100th

Question 22

Insulin is…

Answer 22

A hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is a necessary hormone for glucose use by the body

Question 23

True or False: Be sure to shake insulin before administering

Answer 23

False: Roll insulin between palms

Question 24

Titrated Medications are…

Answer 24

added to a specific volume of fluid and then adjusted to infuse at the rate at which the desired effect is obtained

Question 25

Drugs that are Titrated are…

Answer 25

potent antiarrhythmic, vasopressor, and vasodilator medications; require constant monitoring by the nurse.

Question 26

True or false: Titrated medications are rounded to the nearest 10th mL/hr

Answer 26

True

Question 27

SDR

Answer 27

Safe dose range

Question 28

TDR

Answer 28

Total daily dose

Question 29

Why must the IV drip rate be slow for small children?

Answer 29

to prevent complications such as cardiac failure because of fluid overload.

Question 30

Calibrated burettes

Answer 30

The burette is calibrated in small increments that allow exact measurements of small volumes. Medication is added to the IV fluid in the chamber for a prescribed dilution of volume

Question 31

Volumetric Pumps

Answer 31

Used to administer intermittent IV medications. When used, the electronic device sounds an alarm when the Buretrol chamber is empty

Question 32

Rounding rules - Whole numbers

Answer 32

• Weight–based Heparin drip Weight
• All blood and blood products
• All maintenance IV Fluids (Box 21-1)
• Gravity drip or infusion pumps
  gtts/min or mL/hour
• All Piggybacks
  gtts/min or mL/hr

Question 33

Rounding rules - nearest tenth

Answer 33

• Continuous medication drips (Titrated medications) that affect coagulation, blood sugar, blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rhythm, etc.
  Administered via pump
  Heparin drip; insulin drip; cardiac medications via drips
• Weight >10 kg
  Exception of heparin nomogram – rounded to whole kilogram
• Temperatures (centigrade or fahrenheit)
• Weight–based medications
• Liquid oral medications
• Parenteral medications >1mL
• IM, IVP, and SQ

Question 34

Rounding rules - nearest hundreth

Answer 34

Parenteral Medications given <1mL

SQ, IM or IV Push

Question 35

True or False: Pediatric medication doses to the hundredths place for mg doses (safe dose ranges)

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or False: The pediatric pump rates for IV fluids or medications should always be rounded to the hundreth of a milliliter (e.g., 4.83 mL/hour)

Answer 36

False: Correct statement: The pediatric pump rates for IV fluids or medications should always be rounded to the tenth of a milliliter (e.g., 4.8 mL/hour)

Question 37

True or False: Pediatric weights in kilograms to the hundredth of a kilogram for infants weighing <10 kg (e.g., 4.25 kg).

Answer 37

True