Week 5

Question 1

5 Carbon sugar, Phosphate group and Nitrogenous base, make up what?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

Phosphate group is always attached to what sugar molecule

Answer 2

Number 5

Question 3

How do nucleotides bond together?

Answer 3

Bond between phosphate group and carbon 3 of adjacent nucleotide

Question 4

Nucleotides are read how?

Answer 4

From 5’ end to 3’ end (G-A-T-C)

Question 5

DNA rings are made of?

Answer 5

Bases pointing inwards

Question 6

Sides of DNA are made of?

Answer 6

Sugar-phosphate group

Question 7

T/F DNA runs anti-parallel (3’-5’)(5’-3’)

Answer 7

True

Question 8

A/T paired by how many bonds?

Answer 8

Two hydrogen bonds

Question 9

C/G paired by how many bonds?

Answer 9

Three hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Which cell has circular chromosome shape?

Answer 10

Prokaryotic

Question 11

DNA replication forms what?

Answer 11

Two identical DNA molecules

Question 12

DNA replication begins with?

Answer 12

Origin (A-T rich area w weaker bonds separates)

Question 13

What enzyme binds at origin and initiated replication?

Answer 13

DNA Polymerase

Question 14

Nucleotides are added where?

Answer 14

At replication forks

Question 15

Gene Expression is the same as?

Answer 15

protein synthesis

Question 16

What is gene expression?

Answer 16

conversion of gene specific DNA sequence into functional protien

Question 17

T/F Genes are expressed on a as needed basis?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Transcription and translation are part of?

Answer 18

Gene expression

Question 19

Transcription is…

Answer 19

DNA sequence –> mRNA sequnce

Question 20

Translation is…

Answer 20

mRNA –> Protien

Question 21

Transcription is mediated by what enzyme?

Answer 21

RNA Polymerase

Question 22

RNA polymerase attaches where?

Answer 22

Promoter

Question 23

T/F synthesis of complementary mRNA is done by RNA polymerase?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Where is mRNA synthesis ended?

Answer 24

Termination site

Question 25

T/F both DNA strands are transcribed?

Answer 25

False, only one is- called non-coding strand (AKA: template strand)

Question 26

Transcription factors bind the promoter and RNA polymerase recognize these proteins in what kind of cells?

Answer 26

Eukaryotic

Question 27

Eukaryotic genes are interrupted by?

Answer 27

Intorns/Extrons (non-coding sections)

Question 28

non-coding sequence of DNA in gene

Answer 28

Introns

Question 29

Types of RNA

Answer 29

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 30

Translation ribosomes read mRNA in?

Answer 30

3 nucleotide sections called codons

Question 31

Codons specify?

Answer 31

a specific amino acid that is joined together in sequence

Question 32

All amino acids start with?

Answer 32

methionine (met, M)

Question 33

UAA, UAG, UGA are?

Answer 33

Stop codons, terminate translation

Question 34

Mechanism enhancing genetic variability?

Answer 34

Horizonal gene transfer

Question 35

bacteria enhance genetic variability by?

Answer 35

Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation, Transposons

Question 36

Transformation is?

Answer 36

bacteria take DNA from enviro (Dead bacteria release DNA into enviro)

Question 37

Transduction is?

Answer 37

Bacteriophages transfer DNA from one bacteria to another.

Question 38

Donor bacterium transfers segments of DNA into another bacterium via sex pilus.

Answer 38

Conjugation

Question 39

Jumping genes that relocate other parts of genome

Answer 39

Transposons

Question 40

Mutations occur because of?

Answer 40

Spontaneous, chemical, free radicals, radiation

Question 41

Mutations are usually stopped by?

Answer 41

Cellular repair mechanisms

Question 42

Neutral mutation

Answer 42

same amino acid is substituted

Question 43

missense mutation

Answer 43

different amino acid is substituted due to mutation

Question 44

nonsense mutation

Answer 44

early termination of translation due to stop codon mutation

Question 45

Frameshift mutation

Answer 45

Base is added or deleted mistakenly shifting frame of mRNA