Week 5

Question 1

What is HTML?

Answer 1

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and consists of various tags to describe the content of a document - utilized as the basis for all web pages, along with CSS and JavaScript

Question 2

What is the structure of an HTML document? List some tags. What is used for? ?

Answer 2

Start with the doctype declaration, then , then and . The head contains the metadata for the page, while the body contains the content that is rendered to the screen.

Other tags: div, span, p, ul, ol, li, strong, em, table

Question 3

What is a doctype?

Answer 3

First tag in the document - defines what type of file it is - whether html 4 or 5, etc

Question 4

What is the tag for an ordered list? Unordered list?

Answer 4

ordered list: ol, unordered list: ul. Both use li - list items

Question 5

What are some HTML5 tags? Why were HTML5 tags introduced?

Answer 5

HTML5 introduced semantic tags to more accurately reflect the content of the tags. Examples: <strong> instead of <b>, <em> instead of <i>, , , , , , and instead of reusing <div> tags everywhere</div></i></em></b></strong>

Question 6

Do all tags come in a pair? What are the other things inside tags called? list some.

Answer 6

No - tags either have a closing tag or are self-closing (). Attributes are contained within tags - examples: id, class, style, height, width, etc

Question 7

What is the syntax for a comment in HTML?

Question 8

What are some tags you would use in a form?

Answer 8

, , , , , ,

Question 9

What is CSS?

Answer 9

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets - it is a language for styling HTML documents by specifying certain rules for layout and display in key/value pairs.

Question 10

what are the different ways of styling an HTML file? Which is best? why?

Answer 10

(1) inline - in the style attribute
(2) internal stylesheet - in the tag in the
(3) external stylesheet - using external .css file, use in the
External stylesheet is best practice due to separation of concerns, reusability, modularity

Question 11

Describe the CSS box model.

Answer 11

The box model consists of margin (outermost box), then border, then padding, then content (innermost). All box sizes / formatting can be styled with CSS

Question 12

Which way has highest priority when styles cascade: inline, internal, and external.

Answer 12

Inline has highest priority, then internal/external depending on order. Cascading rules are determined by (1) importance (!important flag), (2) specificity of selector (inline has no selector, highest specificity), then (3) source order.

Question 13

Syntax for styling an element? What is a class and how to style them? What is an id? how to style? difference?

Answer 13

div {
  property: value;
}
.class {
  property: value;
}
#id {
  property: value;
}

Question 14

What if I want to select child elements, What syntax is that?

Answer 14

use direct descendant selector (>) or space for any level nested element

Question 15

Can I select multiple elements at once? How?

Answer 15

yes, with a comma

Question 16

What is JavaScript? What do we use it for?

Answer 16

JavaScript is the most commonly used client-side scripting language. It is a high-level, multi-paradigm, interpreted programming language used to create dynamic webpages. When the browser loads a webpage, the browser interprets javascript code in it and executes it.

Question 17

Can we run JavaScript in a web browser, on a server, or both?

Answer 17

Browser.

Question 18

What are the benefits of JS over your core language? Drawbacks?

Answer 18

Speed, simplicity, Interoperability, Rich user intefaces.

Not secure. can only run in browsers, some browsers will interpret differently.

Question 19

What is the type of NaN? What is the isNaN function?

Answer 19

In JS, NaN is a number that is not a legal number.

Question 20

What are the data types in JS?

Answer 20

string
number
boolean
null
undefined
object
Symbol

Question 21

What are JS objects? What is the syntax, create an empty object called empty.

Answer 21

In JS, an object is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. Each key-value pair is called a property.

let empty = {}

Question 22

What are arrays in js? can you change their size?

Answer 22

array in js can hold many values under a single name, and you can access the values by referring to an index number. use const keyword.

Yes. use the length property.

Question 23

What are array methods?

Answer 23

functions built into javascript that we can apply to our arrays.

Question 24

What does the map() method do?

Answer 24

This method creates a new array with the results of calling a provided function on every element in this array.

Question 25

What does the filter() method do?

Answer 25

This method creates a new array with only elements that passes the condition inside the provided function.

Question 26

What does the forEach() method do?

Answer 26

This method helps to loop over array by executing a provided callback function for each element in an array.

Question 27

What is JSON?

Answer 27

JavaScript Object Notation.

Used when data is sent from a server to a web page.