Week 5 Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Analgesia
A
Stage of anesthesia in which the patient is relaxed and conscious.
2
Q
Anesthesia
A
Temporary loss of feeling or sensation.
3
Q
Anesthetic
A
Medication that produces the temporary loss of feeling or sensation.
4
Q
Aspirate
A
draw back or to draw within.
5
Q
Diffuse
A
spread from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration.
6
Q
Duration
A
Time from induction to complete reversal of anesthesia.
7
Q
Gauge
A
Standard dimension or measurement of the thickness of an injection needle.
8
Q
Induction
A
Time from injection to effective anesthesia.
9
Q
Innervation
A
Supply or distribution of nerves to a specific body part.
10
Q
Lumen
A
The hollow center of the injection needle.
11
Q
Oximetry
A
Measurement of oxygen concentration in the blood.
12
Q
Permeate
A
spread or flow throughout.
13
Q
Porous
A
object with minute openings that allow the passage of gas or fluid.
14
Q
Systemic toxicity
A
Relating to a system, or typically the entire body.
15
Q
Tidal volume
A
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath.
16
Q
Titrate
A
determine the concentration of a substance.
17
Q
Titration
A
The process of determining the exact amount of a drug or substance that would be used to achieve a desired level of sedation.
18
Q
Vasoconstrictor
A
Type of drug that constricts (narrows) blood vessels; used to prolong anesthetic action.
19
Q
Bleeding index
A
Method of scoring the amount of bleeding present.
20
Q
Bone augmentation
A
Addition of natural or synthetic bone to a surgical site.
21
Q
Chisel scaler
A
Instrument used to remove supragingival calculus in the contact area of anterior teeth. The blade on the chisel scaler is curved slightly to adapt to the tooth surfaces.
22
Q
Crown lengthening
A
Surgical procedure to expose more tooth surface.
23
Q
Curette
A
Surgical instrument used to remove tissue from the tooth socket; also curet.
24
Q
File
A
metal tool of varying size and form with numerous ridges or teeth on its cutting surfaces.
25
Gingivectomy
Surgical removal of diseased gingival tissues.
26
Gingiviplasty
Surgical reshaping and contouring of gingival tissues.
27
Gracey curette
Curette with one cutting edge, "area specific"; it is designed to adapt to specific tooth surfaces (mesial or distal)
28
Hoe scaler
Type of scaler used to remove heavy supragingival calculus; it is most effective when used on buccal and lingual surfaces of the posterior teeth.
29
Kirkland knife
Double-ended knife with kidney-shaped blades; commonly used in periodontal surgery.
30
Laser
Highly concentrated beam of light; acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
31
Mobility
To have movement
32
Occlusal trauma
Abnormal occlusal relationships of the teeth, causing injury to the periodontium.
33
Orban knife
Knife with a spearlike shape and cutting edges on both sides of the blade; it is used to remove tissue from the interdental areas.
34
Osseous surgery
Surgical specialty of removing defects in
bone.
35
Ostectomy
Surgery involving the removal of bone.
36
Osteoplasty
Surgery in which bone is added, contoured, and reshaped.
37
Periodontal charting
Commonly accepted notations that are made to the patient's chart to indicate the condition, position, and restorative history of individual teeth.
38
Periodontal dressing
Surgical dressing applied to a surgical site for protection, similar to a bandage.
39
Periodontal explorer
Fine, thin instrument that is easily adapted around
root surfaces
40
Periodontal flap surgery
Incisional surgery performed when excisional surgery is not indicated. In flap surgery, the tissues are not removed but are pushed away from the underlying tooth roots and alveolar bone, similar to the flap of an envelope.
41
Periodontal plastic surgery
Surgical procedures of mucogingival
tissues
42
Periodontal pocket
Deepening of the gingival sulcus beyond normal;
results from periodontal disease.
43
Periodontal probe
Probe used to locate and measure the depth of periodontal pockets; tapered to fit into the gingival sulcus with a blunt or rounded tip.
44
Root planing
Procedure that smooths the surface of a root by removing abnormal toxic cementum or dentin that is rough, contaminated, or permeated with calculus.
45
Scaling
Removal of calcareous deposits from the teeth with the use of suitable instruments.
46
Sickle scaler
hook-shaped instrument that is available in various sizes and shapes and is used for the removal of tenacious supragingival deposits of calculus.
47
Ultrasonic scaler
Device used for rapid calculus removal; it operates on high-frequency sound waves.
48
Universal curette
Hand instrument used to treat subgingival surfaces; it has a blade with an unbroken cutting edge that curves around the toe and a flat face set at a 90-degree angle to the lower shank.
49
Alveolitis
Inflammation and infection associated with the disturbance of a blood clot after extraction of an impacted tooth.
50
Alveoplasty
The surgical shaping and smoothing of the margins of the tooth socket after extraction of the tooth, generally in preparation for placement of a prosthesis.
51
Bone file
Surgical instrument used to smooth rough edges of bone structure.
52
Chisel
Surgical instrument used for cutting or severing a tooth and bone structure.
53
Curette
Surgical instrument used to remove tissue from the tooth socket; also curet.
54
Donning
Act of placing on an item, such as gloves; dressing.
55
Elevator
Surgical instrument used to reflect and retract the periodontal ligament and periosteum.
56
Excisional biopsy
Surgical procedure in which tissue is cut from a suspect oral lesion.
57
Exfoliative biopsy
Diagnostic procedure in which cells are scraped from a suspect oral lesion for analysis.
58
Forceps
Surgical instrument used to grasp and hold onto
teeth for their removal.
59
Hard tissue impaction
Oral condition in which a tooth is partially to fully covered by bone and gingival tissue.
60
Hemostat
Surgical instrument used to hold or grasp
items.
61
Impacted tooth
Tooth that has not erupted.
62
Incisional biopsy
Section of suspect oral lesion that is removed for evaluation.
63
Luxate
dislocate, as a tooth from its socket.
64
Mallet
Hammer-like instrument used with a chisel to section teeth or bone.
65
Needle holder
Surgical instrument used to hold the suture needle.
66
Outpatient
Patient seen and treated by a physician, then sent home for recovery.
67
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
Dentist who has specialized in surgeries of the head and neck
68
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
Dental surgical specialty that diagnoses and treats conditions of the mouth, face, upper jaw (maxilla), and associated areas.
69
Retractor
Surgical instrument used to hold back soft
tissue.
70
Rongeur
Surgical instrument used to cut and trim the alveolar bone.
71
Root tip picks
Surgical instrument used for the removal of root tips or fragments from the surgical site.
72
Scalpel
Surgical knife.
73
Soft tissue impaction
Oral condition in which a tooth is partially to fully covered by gingival tissue.
74
Who was the first dentist to use NO on his patients?
Horace Wells
75
What color code is used for N,O tanks?
Blue
76
How is the dental team at risk for overexposure to N,0?
N2O escapes in the atmosphere
77
What is given to the patient before and after N20/02?
100% oxygen
78
How do patients most often seek periodontal care?
Referred by general dentist/dental hygienist for treatment of periodontal condition
79
What information is included in the periodontal charting?
Pocket readings
Fur cations
Tooth mobility
Exudate (pus)
Gingival recession
80
Should teeth have any mobility?
Slight amount
81
What is the depth of a normal sulcus?
3 mm or less
82
What units of measurement are used on the periodontal probe?
Mm
83
What type of radiograph is especially useful in periodontics?
Bitewing radiographs
84
What instruments are used to remove calculus from supragingival surfaces?
Sickle scalers
Chisel scalers
Hoe scalers
85
What instruments are used to remove calculus from subgingival surfaces?
Curettes
86
What is the purpose of explorers in periodontal treatment?
To locate deposits of calculus
87
What is the difference between a Universal curette and a Gracey curette?
Universal- two cutting edge, adapt to all tooth surfaces
Gracey- one cutting edge, Mesial or distal
88
What is the purpose of a periodontal pocket marker?
Used to mark the area for an incision on the gingiva
89
How do ultrasonic scalers work?
Converting sound waves into mechanical energy
90
What oral conditions would contraindicate the use of an ultrasonic scaler?
Demineralized areas
Narrow pockets
Exposed dental surfaces
Restorative materials
Titanium implant abutments
91
should an ultrasonic scaler be used on a patient with a communicable disease
No
92
What are the more common terms for dental prophylaxis?
Prophy
Cleaning
93
Who can legally perform a dental prophylaxis procedure?
Dentist
Dental hygienist
94
What are 3 nonsurgical periodontal treatments?
Dental prophylaxis
Scaling and root planing
Gingival curettage
95
How is tetracycline used in periodontal treatment?
Antibiotic
96
What is the primary goal of periodontal surgery?
Control the progress of periodontal destruction and loss of attachment
97
From a patient's point of view, what are the primary disadvantages of periodontal surgery?
Time
Cost
Esthetics
Discomfort
98
What is a gingivectomy?
Surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue
99
What is the purpose of osseous surgery?
To eliminate pockets, remove defects, and restore normal contours in the bone
100
What is the function of a periodontal surgical dressing?
Acts as a bandage over the surgical site
101
What materials are most commonly used in periodontal dressings?
Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)
Noneugenol
102
Are there any training requirements for persons who work with lasers?
Yes
103
Can a general dentist perform extractions?
Yes
104
How can surgical assistants further their profession?
On the job training or specialized program for surgical dental assistant
105
In which two settings can a patient receive oral surgery?
Private dental office and hospital operating room
106
Are outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures considered major or minor surgeries?
Minor
107
What does the periosteal elevator reflect and retract?
The periosteum from the surface of the bone
108
What number is given to the universal forceps?
150 adults
151 kids
109
What surgical instrument resembles a spoon excavator?
Surgical curette
110
What surgical instrument is used to trim and shape bone?
Rongeur
111
What is the difference between a hemostat and a needle holder?
Hemostat (only surations) grabs bone and soft tissue
Needle holder (hole in the middle) holds needle
112
When the chisel is used, what additional surgical instrument must be used?
Mallet
113
What equipment is used when a surgical sorub is performed?
Orange stick
Antimicrobial soap
Sterile surgical scrub brush
Sterile disposable towels
114
What procedure is commonly completed after multiple teeth have been removed from the same quadrant or arch?
Alveoplasty
115
Which type of impaction occurs when a tooth is located directly under the gingival tissue?
Soft tissue impaction
116
Which type of biopsy is done when a surface lesion is scraped to attain cells?
Exfoliative biopsy
117
To what does the term suture refer?
The act of stitching
118
What are the 3 types of nonabsorbable suture material?
Silk
Polyester fiber
Nylon
119
What is the approximate time frame for removing nonabsorbable sutures?
5-7 days
120
long should a pressure pack remain on a surgical site to control bleeding?
30 minutes
121
What analgesic may be prescribed for swelling?
Ibuprofen
122
Would you instruct a patient to use a hot compress or a cold compress for swelling?
Cold
123
Dycal
Used with composite and amalgam
Purpose is to insulate and protect the tooth pulp from the irritating effects of the filling material
